Confirmation and characterization of the first case of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor resistance in Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus) in the US.

Background: Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thumb.) is one of the problematic annual weeds in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and is generally controlled by acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors.

Identification and Characterization of Mesotrione-Resistant Grain Sorghum [ (L.) Moench]: A Viable Option for Postemergence Grass Weed Control.

Mesotrione is effective in controlling a wide spectrum of weeds in corn but not registered for postemergence use in sorghum because of crop injury. We screened a sorghum germplasm collection and identified two mesotrione-resistant sorghum genotypes (G-1 and G-10) and one susceptible genotype (S-1) in an in vitro plate assay. A mesotrione dose-response assay under greenhouse and field conditions confirmed that G-1 and G-10 are highly resistant compared to S-1.

A single gene inherited trait confers metabolic resistance to chlorsulfuron in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).

This study confirms a high level of metabolic resistance to the herbicide chlorsulfuron, inherited by a single dominant gene in a sorghum genotype (GL-1). Chlorsulfuron, an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor, effectively controls post-emergence grass and broadleaf weeds but is not registered for use in sorghum because of crop injury. The objectives of this study were to characterize the inheritance and mechanism of chlorsulfuron resistance in the sorghum genotype GL-1.

Characterization, Genetic Analyses, and Identification of QTLs Conferring Metabolic Resistance to a 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitor in Sorghum ().

Postemergence grass weed control continues to be a major challenge in grain sorghum [ (L.) Moench], primarily due to lack of herbicide options registered for use in this crop. The development of herbicide-resistant sorghum technology to facilitate broad-spectrum postemergence weed control can be an economical and viable solution.

Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Plant Stress Response.

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the largest enzyme family involved in NADPH- and/or O-dependent hydroxylation reactions across all the domains of life. In plants and animals, CYPs play a central role in the detoxification of xenobiotics. In addition to this function, CYPs act as versatile catalysts and play a crucial role in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytohormones in higher plants.

Marker-aided selection and validation of various gene combinations for rice blast resistance in elite rice variety ADT 43.

Rice blast caused by fungal pathogen has a major impact on reducing yield potential of rice. In this study, homozygous plants were selected using microsatellite markers from the BCF population pyramided with four major genes in elite rice variety ADT 43. Background and selected lines with various blast resistance gene combinations were screened under natural conditions to study the effects of various gene combinations.

Analysis of Population Structure and Genetic Diversity in Rice Germplasm Using SSR Markers: An Initiative Towards Association Mapping of Agronomic Traits in Oryza Sativa.

Background: Genetic diversity is the main source of variability in any crop improvement program. It serves as a reservoir for identifying superior alleles controlling key agronomic and quality traits through allele mining/association mapping. Association mapping based on LD (Linkage dis-equilibrium), non-random associations between causative loci and phenotype in natural population is highly useful in dissecting out genetic basis of complex traits.