Rituximab (monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody) induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): A case report and literature review.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon neurological condition characterized by reversible subcortical vasogenic edema that primarily affects the posterior areas of the brain. Subcortical vasogenic edema resulting from endothelial injury and hypertension is the pathogenesis. Here, we present a 23-year-old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis who developed PRES following Rituximab (a monoclonal anti-CD-20 antibody) administration.

Adaptation of ACMG/AMP guidelines for clinical classification of variants in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension resolves variants of unclear pathogenicity in ClinVar.

Purpose: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease that can be caused by pathogenic variants, most frequently in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 ( ) gene. We formed a ClinGen variant curation expert panel to devise guidelines for the clinical interpretation of variants identified in PAH patients.

Methods: The general ACMG/AMP variant classification criteria were refined for PAH and adapted to following ClinGen procedures.

Defining the clinical validity of genes reported to cause pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Purpose: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive vasculopathy with significant cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Genetic testing is currently recommended for adults diagnosed with heritable, idiopathic, anorexigen-, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-, and congenital heart disease-associated PAH, PAH with overt features of venous/capillary involvement, and all children diagnosed with PAH. Variants in at least 27 genes have putative evidence for PAH causality.

Persistent reshaping of cohesive sediment towards stable flocs by turbulence.

Cohesive sediment forms flocs of various sizes and structures in the natural turbulent environment. Understanding flocculation is critical in accurately predicting sediment transport and biogeochemical cycles. In addition to aggregation and breakup, turbulence also reshapes flocs toward more stable structures.

Identification and validation of a novel pathogenic variant in GDF2 (BMP9) responsible for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant multisystemic vascular dysplasia, characterized by arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), mucocutaneous telangiectasia and nosebleeds. HHT is caused by a heterozygous null allele in ACVRL1, ENG, or SMAD4, which encode proteins mediating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Several missense and stop-gain variants identified in GDF2 (encoding BMP9) have been reported to cause a vascular anomaly syndrome similar to HHT, however none of these patients met diagnostic criteria for HHT.

Investigation of theoretical scaling laws using large eddy simulations for airborne spreading of viral contagion from sneezing and coughing.

Using a set of large eddy point-particle simulations, we explore the fluid dynamics of an ejected puff resulting from a cough/sneeze. The ejection contains over 61 000 potentially virus-laden droplets at an injection Reynolds number of about 46 000, comparable to an actual cough/sneeze. We observe that global puff properties, such as centroid, puff volume, momentum, and buoyancy vary little across realizations.

Peering inside a cough or sneeze to explain enhanced airborne transmission under dry weather.

High-fidelity simulations of coughs and sneezes that serve as virtual experiments are presented, and they offer an unprecedented opportunity to peer into the chaotic evolution of the resulting airborne droplet clouds. While larger droplets quickly fall-out of the cloud, smaller droplets evaporate rapidly. The non-volatiles remain airborne as droplet nuclei for a long time to be transported over long distances.

Diabetic ketoacidosis drives COVID-19 related hospitalizations in children with type 1 diabetes.

Background: Diabetes is a risk factor for poor COVID-19 outcomes, but pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes are poorly represented in current studies.

Methods: T1D Exchange coordinated a US type 1 diabetes COVID-19 registry. Forty-six diabetes centers submitted pediatric cases for patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19.

Anatomy of subcritical submarine flows with a lutocline and an intermediate destruction layer.

Turbidity currents are sediment-laden flows that travel over a sloping bed under a stagnant ambient fluid, driven by the density difference between the current and the ambient. Turbidity currents transport large amounts of carbon, nutrients and fresh water through oceans and play an important role in global geochemical cycling and seafloor ecosystems. Supercritical currents are observed in steeper slopes.

Soft transition between subcritical and supercritical currents through intermittent cascading interfacial instabilities.

Long-running gravity currents are flows that are submerged beneath a deep layer of quiescent fluid and they travel over long distances along inclined or horizontal surfaces. They are driven by the density difference between the current and the clear ambient fluid above. In this work we present results on highly resolved direct numerical simulations of turbid underflows that involve nearly 1 billion degrees of freedom.

Bioactivity of a radical scavenger bis(pyrazolium -toluenesulphonate) on ctDNA and certain microbes: a combined experimental and theoretical analysis.

A small organic molecule, bis(pyrazolium -toluenesulphonate) (BPPTS), was crystallized, characterized and used to scavenge free radicals in biological systems. SXRD and spectroscopic analyses were used to confirm the structure of BPPTS. Methanolic and ethanolic solutions of BPPTS were used to assess the stability of the proposed drug using the UV-vis spectrophotometric technique.

Functional insights of a molecular complex pyrazolium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate:3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid on infectious agents and ctDNA - A comparative biological screening and complementary theoretical calculations.

Systematic identification and quantification of active radical sites in a small molecule, pyrazolium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate:3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid as well as in the stable free radical (DPPH) were carried out by Fukui functions calculation using DFT functional with B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of basis set. Bioactive Lewis acid-base compound, pyrazolium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate:3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (PDNB:DNBA) has been synthesized and crystallized by slow evaporation - solution method at 30 °C. Various functional groups and the structural arrangements were ascertained from spectral and XRD analyses, respectively.

Growth Disturbances in Childhood Cancer Survivors.

Survival from childhood cancer has improved dramatically over the last few decades, resulting in an increased need to address the long-term follow-up and care of childhood cancer survivors. Appropriate linear growth is an important measure of health, with alterations of growth in children and short adult height in those who have completed growth serving as potential indicators of the sequelae of the underlying diagnosis or the cancer treatments. It is therefore critical that clinicians, particularly endocrinologists, be familiar with the patterns of altered growth which may be seen following diagnosis and treatment for childhood cancer.

Atomic-scale strain manipulation of a charge density wave.

A charge density wave (CDW) is one of the fundamental instabilities of the Fermi surface occurring in a wide range of quantum materials. In dimensions higher than one, where Fermi surface nesting can play only a limited role, the selection of the particular wavevector and geometry of an emerging CDW should in principle be susceptible to controllable manipulation. In this work, we implement a simple method for straining materials compatible with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S), and use it to strain-engineer CDWs in -NbSe Our STM/S measurements, combined with theory, reveal how small strain-induced changes in the electronic band structure and phonon dispersion lead to dramatic changes in the CDW ordering wavevector and geometry.

Hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia and supraventricular tachycardia in a patient with subcutaneous fat necrosis.

Background: Subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) is a rare, self-limiting condition that has been associated with several complications including hypercalcemia.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 6-week-old male who presented to his pediatrician with a dime-sized erythematous nodule consistent with SCFN, who was also found to have supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Laboratory findings revealed hypercalcemia and hyperkalemia.

Nimbolide reduces CD44 positive cell population and induces mitochondrial apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly aggressive disease and current treatment regimens fail to effectively cure PDAC. Development of resistance to current therapy is one of the key reasons for this outcome. Nimbolide (NL), a triterpenoid obtained from Azadirachta indica, exhibits anticancer properties in various cancer including PDAC cells.

Lipid quantification by Raman microspectroscopy as a potential biomarker in prostate cancer.

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains incurable and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among American men. Therefore, detection of prostate cancer (PCa) at early stages may reduce PCa-related mortality in men. We show that lipid quantification by vibrational Raman Microspectroscopy and Biomolecular Component Analysis may serve as a potential biomarker in PCa.

Ligand based pharmacophoric modelling and docking of bioactive pyrazolium 3-nitrophthalate (P3NP) on Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger - Computational and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

Biologically active Lewis acid-base compound, pyrazolium 3-nitro phthalate (P3NP) has been synthesized and crystallized by slow evaporation - solution method at 30°C. Spectral and single crystal X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the compound. The stability of the P3NP was confirmed by UV-Visible spectral analysis.

Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma of Follicular Cell Origin: Prognostic Significance of Histologic Subtypes.

Background: Thyroid cancers are rare in the pediatric age group, and unlike in adults, few data are available regarding the clinical implication of histologic subtypes in the pediatric population. The purpose of the current study was to determine the prognostic significance of histologic subtypes of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in a large series of children and adolescents followed at a single institution.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all pediatric DTC patients who were treated and followed between 1988 and 2012.

Ovarian function in survivors of childhood medulloblastoma: Impact of reduced dose craniospinal irradiation and high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue.

Background: Data on ovarian function (OvF) in medulloblastoma (MB) survivors is limited, with most studies describing outcomes in survivors treated with craniospinal irradiation (CSI) doses >24 Gy ± standard chemotherapy. The objective of the current study is to report on OvF: (i) across a range of CSI doses; and (ii) following high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue (ASCR).

Procedure: Retrospective review of female MB survivors who were diagnosed in childhood and followed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

Mean force on a finite-sized spherical particle due to an acoustic field in a viscous compressible medium.

An analytical expression to evaluate the second-order mean force (acoustic radiation force) on a finite-sized, rigid, spherical particle due to an acoustic wave is presented. The medium in which the particle is situated is taken to be both viscous and compressible. A far-field derivation approach has been used in determining the force, which is a function of the particle size, acoustic wavelength, and viscous boundary-layer thickness.

Exogenous pubertal induction by oral versus transdermal estrogen therapy.

Hypogonadal adolescent girls need estrogen therapy for the induction of puberty. For years, oral conjugated estrogens have been used for this purpose, starting at a very low dose, with gradual increments over time, to allow for the maturation of the reproductive organs, in order to mimic physiologic conditions. Several concerns, mainly due to first pass through the liver, are manifest with oral estrogen therapy.

Generalized Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen equation for unsteady forces on a sphere in a compressible flow.

Viscous compressible flow around a sphere is considered in the limit of zero Reynolds and Mach numbers. An exact expression for the force on the sphere undergoing arbitrary motion with compressibility effects is presented. Quasisteady, inviscid-unsteady, and viscous-unsteady force components are identified.

Peroxisome proliferator activating receptor (PPAR) in cerebral malaria (CM): a novel target for an additional therapy.

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a global life-threatening complication of Plasmodium infection and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality among severe forms of malaria. Despite developing knowledge in understanding mechanisms of pathogenesis, the current anti-malarial agents are not sufficient due to drug resistance and various adverse effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the novel target and additional therapy.

Medicinal plants useful for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): current status and future perspectives.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health problem. The current therapies are inadequate and have numerous adverse effects. There is an acute need of potential alternative therapies.