Treatment optimisation for blood pressure with single-pill combinations in India (TOPSPIN) - Protocol design and baseline characteristics.

Background: The burden of over 300 million individuals living with hypertension in India is increasing steadily. Most current guidelines recommend initial combination therapy for effective blood pressure (BP) control. However, there is no randomised evidence to inform which combinations to use in the South Asian population, who account for over one-quarter of the world's population.

Prevalence and follow-up of subclinical rheumatic heart disease among asymptomatic school children in a north-western district of India based on the World Heart Federation echocardiographic criteria.

Background: The present study is based on the World Heart Federation (WHF) echocardiographic criteria to assess the prevalence of subclinical rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and elucidate evolution of the disease when the cases were placed on appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis and regular follow-up. The prevalence of subclinical RHD reported by previous active surveillance studies among asymptomatic school children is not comparable to our study because of major differences in screening methods.

Methods: A random inclusion strategy was adopted to recruit urban and rural school children of Bikaner district in the state of Rajasthan, India.

Continuing Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease in India.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) disables millions in Asia and Africa. Epidemiological data and clinical studies in India have reported a significant decline in its prevalence in last century. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study estimated that RHD in India led to 395/100000 disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and 9.

Clinical Profile and Prognostic Indicators in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Malaria Caused by Different Plasmodium Species.

Introduction: Severe malaria remains a major cause of death and morbidity among adults in the Asiatic tropics. This study was planned to evaluate clinical profile and prognostic indicators of severe malaria in adults so as to improve insight into this highly prevalent disease.

Materials And Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 60 confirmed cases of malaria.

Geographic epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in middle class urban residents in India: cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors according to geographic distribution and macrolevel social development index among urban middle class subjects in India.

Methods: We performed cross-sectional surveys in 11 cities in India during years 2005-2009. 6198 subjects aged 20-75 years (men 3426, women 2772, response 62%) were evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors.

Educational status-related disparities in awareness, treatment and control of cardiovascular risk factors in India.

Objective: To determine association of socioeconomic status, defined by educational status (ES), with awareness, treatment and control of cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: We performed an epidemiological study at 11 cities in India using cluster sampling. 6198 subjects (3426 men, 2772 women, response 62%, age 48±10 years) were evaluated for sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical factors.

Clinical and histopathological profile of acute renal failure caused by falciparum and vivax monoinfection: an observational study from Bikaner, northwest zone of Rajasthan, India.

Background & Objectives: Acute renal failure (ARF) is a known manifestation of severe Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria but recently it has also been observed with P. vivax (Pv) monoinfection. A clinical observational study has been conducted to evaluate the clinical and histopathological profile of ARF in malaria.

Cardiovascular involvement in severe vivax and falciparum malaria.

Background & Objectives: Recently, vivax malaria is also presenting as severe malaria causing multiorgan dysfunction similar to falciparum malaria. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the involvement of cardiovascular system in severe malaria.

Methods: This is a clinical prospective study conducted on the cases of severe malaria in S.

Normotension, prehypertension, and hypertension in urban middle-class subjects in India: prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control.

Objective: We conducted a multisite study to determine the prevalence and determinants of normotension, prehypertension, and hypertension, and awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among urban middle-class subjects in India.

Methods: We evaluated 6,106 middle-class urban subjects (men 3,371; women, 2,735; response rate, 62%) in 11 cities for sociodemographic and biological factors. The subjects were classified as having normotension (BP < 120/80), prehypertension (BP 120-139/80-89), and hypertension (documented or BP ≥ 140/90).

Atherothrombotic risk factors & premature coronary heart disease in India: a case-control study.

Background & Objectives: It was hypothesized that both thrombogenic and atherogenic factors may be responsible for premature coronary heart disease (CHD) in young Indians. A case-control study was performed to determine cardiovascular risk factors in young patients with CHD in India.

Methods: Successive consenting patients <55 yr with an acute coronary event or recent diagnosis of CHD were enrolled (cases, n=165).

Echocardiographic Changes in Cases of Intermittent Acute Porphyria.

Intermittent acute porphyria (IAP) is an inborn metabolic disorder of biosynthesis of haeme, characterized by increased excretion of porphyrin or porphyrin precursor in urine and clinically by gastrointestinal, neuro-psychiatric and cardiovascular manifestations. Significant observations were made on echocardiographic examination of 25 IAP patients in our study. Significant decrease in ejection fraction (48.