Core Outcome Set for Necrotizing Enterocolitis Treatment Trials.

Background And Objectives: Variability in outcome reporting in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) treatment trials hinders conducting meta-analyses and implementing novel treatments. We aimed to develop a core outcome set (COS) for NEC treatment trials including outcome measures most relevant to patients and physicians, from NEC diagnosis to adulthood.

Methods: Clinicians and/or researchers from low-middle- and high-income countries were approached based on their scientific contributions to NEC literature, and patients and parents through local organizations.

The Role of Nitrous Oxide in Minor Pediatric Procedures in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review.

Background: Pediatric patients undergoing minor, but painful procedures in an Emergency Department (ED) need adequate relief of pain and distress to prevent long term negative effects and adversely impact procedures. Inhaled nitrous oxide (NO) is a needle-free pain management option. We conducted a systematic review to determine whether NO is as effective as local anesthesia in minor procedures.

Trends in Simple and Complex Appendicitis in Children and the Potential Correlation to Common Viral Pathogens-A Retrospective Cohort Study between 2010 and 2019 in The Netherlands.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the annual, seasonal and monthly trends in children with simple and complex appendicitis and their correlation to common viral pathogens in the Netherlands. A consecutive multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed between 2010 and 2019 including children (<18 years) surgically treated for appendicitis. The primary outcome was the distribution of children with simple and complex appendicitis per year, season and month.

Appendicitis and its associated mortality and morbidity in infants up to 3 months of age: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: Although appendicitis is rare in young infants, the reported mortality is high. Primary aim of this systematic review was to provide updated insights in the mortality and morbidity (postoperative complications, Clavien-Dindo grades I-IV) of appendicitis in infants ≤3 months of age. Secondary aims comprised the evaluation of patient characteristics, diagnostic work-up, treatment strategies, comorbidity, and factors associated with poor outcome.

Development of an international core outcome set for treatment trials in necrotizing enterocolitis-a study protocol.

Aim: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most lethal disease of the gastrointestinal tract of preterm infants. New and existing management strategies need clinical evaluation. Large heterogeneity exists in the selection, measurement, and reporting of outcome measures in NEC intervention studies.

Management and outcome of high-risk neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix in children; A systematic review.

This study systematically reviewed the literature to investigate the value of secondary surgery for children with a high-risk neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of appendix. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. All randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series reporting on the management and outcomes of patients (<20 years) with a histopathologically proven NET of the appendix were eligible for inclusion.

A validated Screening instrument for Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN) at the emergency department.

Unlabelled: The objective of this study is to develop and validate a screening instrument for the recognition of child maltreatment in the emergency department (ED). Existing data on screening questions and outcomes (diagnosis of child maltreatment) from three large observational screening studies at eight different EDs in the Netherlands were harmonized. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to develop the Screening instrument for Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN).

The potential of rectal swabs to differentiate simple and complex appendicitis in children with a microbiota-based test.

Currently, accurate biomarkers differentiating simple (phlegmonous) from complex (gangrenous and/or perforated) appendicitis in children are lacking. However, both types may potentially require different treatment strategies, and the search for diagnostic modalities remains warranted. Previously, we demonstrated a distinct microbiota (both an increased bacterial diversity and abundance) in the appendix of children with complex compared to simple appendicitis.

The prevalence of non-accidental trauma among children with polytrauma: A nationwide level-I trauma centre study.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of non-accidental trauma (NAT) in children with polytrauma treated at level-I trauma centres (TC).

Summary Of Background: Data 6-10% Of children who present at the emergency department with injuries, sustain polytrauma. Polytrauma may result from either accidental (AT) or NAT, i.

The Management of Post-appendectomy Abscess in Children; A Historical Cohort Study and Update of the Literature.

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that specific cases of post-appendectomy abscess (PAA) in children could be treated conservatively. However, due to the lack of high-quality evidence, choice of treatment still depends on preferences of the treating surgeon, leading to heterogeneity in clinical practice. Therefore, we aimed to provide an update of recent literature on the management of PAA in children and subsequently evaluate the outcomes of a large multicenter cohort of children treated for PAA.

Implementing Nonoperative Treatment Strategy for Simple Pediatric Appendicitis: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: A nonoperative treatment strategy (NOT) with antibiotics for children with simple appendicitis could reduce anesthesia and surgery-related complications. As the implementation of a new treatment in routine clinical practice may take years, this study aims to identify barriers and facilitators for implementation of NOT for children with simple appendicitis.

Materials And Methods: To identify barriers and facilitators for its implementation, we conducted 14 semistructured interviews and a focus group with health insurance/hospital policymakers, surgical clinicians, and young people-together with their parents-who have been treated surgically or with antibiotics.

Prevalence of inflicted and neglectful femur shaft fractures in young children in national level I trauma centers.

Background: The prevalence of inflicted femur fractures in young children varies (1.5-35.2%), but these data are based on small retrospective studies with high heterogeneity.

Identification of the optimal treatment strategy for complex appendicitis in the paediatric population: a protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study (CAPP study).

Introduction: In daily practice large heterogeneity in the treatment of children with complex appendicitis exists. Complex appendicitis can be divided into two subtypes; complex appendicitis with and without appendiceal mass and/or abscess. As complex appendicitis is associated with high morbidity and costs, identification of the optimal treatment strategy is essential.

Predictive scoring systems to differentiate between simple and complex appendicitis in children (PRE-APP study).

Background: Several clinical prediction rules have been developed for preoperative differentiation between simple and complex appendicitis in children, as potential treatment strategies differ. This study aimed to externally validate applicable clinical prediction rules that could be used to differentiate between simple and complex appendicitis in children.

Methods: Potential clinical prediction rules were identified by a scoping review of the literature.

High prevalence of non-accidental trauma among deceased children presenting at Level I trauma centers in the Netherlands.

Purpose: Between 0.1-3% of injured children who present at a hospital emergency department ultimately die as a result of their injuries. These events are typically reported as unnatural causes of death and may result from either accidental or non-accidental trauma (NAT).

Self-rated health trajectories: A dynamic time warp analysis.

Self-rated health (SRH), individuals' overall perception of their health, is a key predictor of health events. To target disease prevention efforts, it is important to understand how SRH develops over time. The goal of this short communication is to find prototypic SRH trajectories by applying dynamic time warping, a time series comparison technique initially developed for speech recognition.

Child abuse and neglect in paediatric burns: The majority is caused by neglect and thus preventable.

Introduction: It is complex to distinguish negligent burns from inflicted and non-intentional burns, especially since no deliberate action caused the burn. Its recognition is important to create a safe life without (future) burns for our loved-ones who cannot take care of themselves (yet). Our aim was to investigate the incidence and associated characteristics of negligent burns are among children treated at a burn center.

Non-operative treatment of children with simple appendicitis: long-term follow-up (5 years) in a prospective cohort study.

Long-term results after non-operative treatment for children with simple appendicitis seem promising, possibly avoiding appendicectomy in 70 per cent of children after a median follow-up of 5 years. The need for delayed appendicectomy more than 2 years after the initial treatment is rare (0–5 per cent) and no complications occurred past 1 year, including children who underwent delayed appendicectomy.

Intestinal CD8 T cell responses are abundantly induced early in human development but show impaired cytotoxic effector capacities.

Gastrointestinal viral infections are a major global cause of disease and mortality in infants. Cytotoxic CD8 T cells are critical to achieve viral control. However, studies investigating the development of CD8 T cell immunity in human tissues early in life are lacking.

Accuracy of ultrasonography for differentiating between simple and complex appendicitis in children.

Purpose: Accurate differentiation between simple and complex appendicitis is important since differences in treatment exist. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of ultrasonography in differentiating between simple and complex appendicitis.

Methods: Data from children aged < 18 years who underwent appendectomy between the 1st of January 2013 and the 1st of January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.

Bowel Lengthening Procedures in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Introduction:  The aims of the study are to systematically assess and critically appraise the evidence concerning two surgical techniques to lengthen the bowel in children with short bowel syndrome (SBS), namely, the longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring (LILT) and serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP), and to identify patient characteristics associated with a favorable outcome.

Materials And Methods:  MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched from inception till December 2019. No language restriction was used.