Climate change and ocean deoxygenation within intensified surface-driven upwelling circulations.

Ocean deoxygenation often takes place in proximity to zones of intense upwelling. Associated concerns about amplified ocean deoxygenation arise from an arguable likelihood that coastal upwelling systems in the world's oceans may further intensify as anthropogenic climate change proceeds. Comparative examples discussed include the uniquely intense seasonal Somali Current upwelling, the massive upwelling that occurs quasi-continuously off Namibia and the recently appearing and now annually recurring 'dead zone' off the US State of Oregon.

DNA-PK, ATM and MDR proteins inhibitors in overcoming fludarabine resistance in CLL cells.

Aim: To perform the comparative study of the effects of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitors vanillin and NU7026, ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM)/ ATM and Rad3 related (ATR) kinase inhibitor caffeine and multidrug resistance (MDR) protein modulator cyclosporine A (CsA) on fludarabine resistant and sensitive lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients.

Methods: Cells sensitivity in vitro was determined with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). DNA-PKs and ATM expression in CLL cells was evaluated using Western blotting.

The jellyfish joyride: causes, consequences and management responses to a more gelatinous future.

Human-induced stresses of overfishing, eutrophication, climate change, translocation and habitat modification appear to be promoting jellyfish (pelagic cnidarian and ctenophore) blooms to the detriment of other marine organisms. Mounting evidence suggests that the structure of pelagic ecosystems can change rapidly from one that is dominated by fish (that keep jellyfish in check through competition or predation) to a less desirable gelatinous state, with lasting ecological, economic and social consequences. Management actions needed to stop such changes require tactical coping strategies and longer-term preventative responses based on fundamental and targeted research on this understudied group.

Massive emissions of toxic gas in the Atlantic.

Recurrent eruptions of toxic hydrogen sulphide gas in the waters along the Namibian coast off southwestern Africa have been considered to be local features with only limited ecosystem-scale consequences. But satellite remote sensing has revealed that these naturally occurring events are much more extensive and longer-lasting than previously suspected, and that the resultant hypoxia may last for much longer. The effects on the marine ecology and valuable coastal fisheries of this region are likely to be important.

[Unstable chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident consequences].

Aim: Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes for detecting unstable chromosome aberrations in liquidators of the Chernobyl disaster consequences and in residents of territories contaminated after the accident.

Materials And Methods: Peripheral blood lymphocytes were tested for unstable chromosome aberrations in 216 subjects who worked for different periods after the Chernobyl accident in 1986-1987 in the 30-km zone and at adjacent territories. The results were correlated to the duration of stay in the zone, terms of examination after the work, exposure dose fixed in the files, deviations in the health status and blood values, and with similar data on 21 residents of the stringent control regions of the Gomel district and 265 patients with different hematological diseases and donor blood samples exposed in vitro.

[The radioprotective action of an extract of regenerating spleen].

An extract from regenerating calf spleen increases the survival rate of mice when injected after irradiation. The studies of the blood and immune systems characteristics at the subcellular, cellular and tissue levels have been shown that the preparation containing a complex of hemoregulating compounds modifies the processes responsible for radiation damage and repair.

Global climate change and intensification of coastal ocean upwelling.

A mechanism exists whereby global greenhouse warning could, by intensifying the alongshore wind stress on the ocean surface, lead to acceleration of coastal upwelling. Evidence from several different regions suggests that the major coastal upwelling systems of the world have been growing in upwelling intensity as greenhouse gases have accumulated in the earth's atmosphere. Thus the cool foggy summer conditions that typify the coastlands of northern California and other similar upwelling regions might, under global warming, become even more pronounced.

[Postradiation life span of mice in relation to the modifying action of leukemic cells administered].

Leukemic cells administered to X-irradiated mice modify the radiobiological effect to a degree that depends on the radiation dose, bone marrow transplantation, the quantity and quality of leukemic cells, and the time of their administration.

[Induction of the antileukemic activity in nonimmune allogeneic splenocytes using spleen hemoregulators].

The leukemic mice treated with cyclophosphamide were injected twice a week with the allogenic splenocytes treated for 4 h with the substance isolated from the calf spleen. The leukemia growth inhibition was observed. Syngenic splenocytes were inactive.

Mechanisms of immunity to infection with typhus rickettsiae: infected fibroblasts bear rickettsial antigens on their surfaces.

As with any immune response to infectious organisms, both antibody and T cell-mediated immune responses to infection with Rickettsia typhi require the appropriate presentation of rickettsial antigens to immunocompetent cells. Considering the obligate intracellular nature of rickettsiae, the exact mechanisms by which lymphocytes and macrophages encounter and respond to rickettsial antigens may depend on certain aspects of pathogenesis and on the availability of organisms or their antigens to cells of the immune system. One potential mode of rickettsial antigen presentation, not previously identified, is the appearance in vitro of rickettsial antigens on the cell membrane of R.

[Effect of a substance isolated from the regenerating spleen on the chromatin structural organization and the leukosogenic activity of transplanted cells].

When leukemic cells in vitro are treated with the substance isolated from the regenerating calf spleen, incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA is rapidly inhibited. The completeness of DNA synthesis restoration after washing off cells from the substance depends on the duration of the previous contact with the substance. It is the change in the structural organization of chromatin but not the very fact of inhibition of the ability of the cells to the DNA synthesis that is important for a decrease of transplantability of mice cells treated by the substance.

[Nuclease activity in leukemia altered lymphoid tissue].

Activities of DNAase I, DNAase II, RNAase I and RNAase II were altered in lymphoid tissue during development of lymphoid leukosis in mice of AKR strain, during survival of the leukemic cells as well as in leukemic spleen tissue of mice C57BI with transplantable leukosis La. The enzymatic activity correlated with the step of the process, the rate of leukemic cells proliferation, with dimensions of organs. Variations in the enzymatic activity, as compared with normal state were dissimilar in development of leukosis; activity of the enzymes was either increased or decreased apparently due to their multiple functions in metabolism of nucleic acids.

[Ergometric tests in cardiology (problems of standardization and automation)].

A method of ergometric tests furnishing a quantitative evaluation of the coronary and contractile function reserves and also ensuring safe examination has been devised. The veloergometric tests proceed under a continuous ECG and integral rheographic control with automatic throwing-off the load in case of ischemic changes of the ECG or reduction of the circulation volume. The amount of work done by the moment of throwing off the load was taken as a quantitative measure of the corresponding functional reserve.