Identifying Significant SNPs of the Total Number of Piglets Born and Their Relationship with Leg Bumps in Pigs.

The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants and pathways associated with the total number of piglets born and to investigate the potential negative consequences of the intensive selection for reproductive traits, particularly the formation of bumps on the legs of pigs. We used genome-wide association analysis and methods for identifying selection signatures. As a result, 47 SNPs were identified, localized in genes that play a significant role during sow pregnancy.

Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota Composition of the Arctic Zone Residents in the Far Eastern Region.

. In many studies over the past decade, scientists have made a connection between the composition of gut microbiota and human health. A number of publications have shown that gut bacteria are involved in many metabolic and physiological processes of the organism.

The Association between Gut Microbiota and Serum Biomarkers in Children with Atopic Dermatitis.

Currently, it is known that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the functioning of the immune system, and a rebalancing of the bacterial community can arouse complex immune reactions and lead to immune-mediated responses in an organism, in particular, the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). Cytokines and chemokines are regulators of the innate and adaptive immune response and represent the most important biomarkers of the immune system. It is known that changes in cytokine profiles are a hallmark of many diseases, including atopy.

Search for signals of positive selection of circadian rhythm genes PER1, PER2, PER3 in different human populations.

The diversity of geographically distributed human populations shows considerable variation in external and internal traits of individuals. Such differences are largely attributed to genetic adaptation to various environmental influences, which include changes in climatic conditions, variations in sleep and wakefulness, dietary variations, and others. Whole-genome data from individuals of different populations make it possible to determine the specific genetic sites responsible for adaptations and to further understand the genetic structure underlying human adaptive characteristics.

Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota in Regard to Atopic Dermatitis and Food Allergies of Children.

The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health, as well as in the development of various pathologies, as indicated by a large amount of research. One of the manifestations of an imbalance in the gut microbiome composition is the appearance of various diseases or immune reactions, in particular, atopic dermatitis (AD) and/or food allergies (FA). In this research, using 16S NGS sequencing, it was found that the gut microbiome of children with food allergies and children with atopic dermatitis can be characterized as having higher inflammatory potential.

Evaluation of genetic differentiation and search for candidate genes for reproductive traits in pigs.

Objective: The use of molecular genetic methods in pig breeding can significantly increase the efficiency of breeding and breeding work. We applied the Fst (fixsacion index) method, the main focus of the work was on the search for common options related to the number of born piglets and the weight of born piglets, since today the urgent task is to prevent a decrease in the weight of piglets at birth while maintaining high fertility of sows.

Methods: One approach is to scan the genome, followed by an assessment of Fst and identification of selectively selected regions.

Finding Predictors of Leg Defects in Pigs Using CNV-GWAS.

One of the most important areas of modern genome research is the search for meaningful relationships between genetic variants and phenotypes. In the livestock field, there has been research demonstrating the influence of copy number variants (CNVs) on phenotypic variation. Despite the wide range in the number and size of detected CNVs, a significant proportion differ between breeds and their functional effects are underestimated in the pig industry.

Genomic Signatures of Positive Selection in Human Populations of the , , , and Gene Variants Related to the Regulation of Psychoemotional Response.

The neurobiological systems of maintenance and control of behavioral responses result from natural selection. We have analyzed the selection signatures for single nucleotide variants (SNV) of the genes of oxytocin (, ) and vasopressin (, , ) systems, which are associated with the regulation of social and emotional behavior in distinct populations. The analysis was performed using original WGS (whole genome sequencing) data on Eastern Slavs (SlEast), as well as publicly available data from the 1000 Genomes Project on GBR, FIN, IBR, PUR, BEB, CHB, and ACB populations (the latter were taken as reference).

Gut Microbiota Patterns in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment Using Three Analysis Methods.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting nearly 25% of the global adult population. Increasing evidence suggests that functional and compositional changes in the gut microbiota may contribute to the development and promote the progression of NAFLD. 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing is widely used to determine specific features of the NAFLD microbiome, but a complex system such as the gut microbiota requires a comprehensive approach.

Investigation of the Genetic Architecture of Pigs Subjected to Breeding Intensification.

Pigs are strategically important animals for the agricultural industry. An assessment of genetic differentiation between pigs, undergone and not undergone to selection intensification, is of particular interest. Our research was conducted on two groups of Large White pigs grown on the same farm but in different years.

Analysis of Homozygous-by-Descent (HBD) Segments for Purebred and Crossbred Pigs in Russia.

Intensive selection raises the efficiency of pig farming considerably, but it also promotes the accumulation of homozygosity, which can lead to an increase in inbreeding and the accumulation of deleterious variation. The analysis of segments homozygous-by-descent (HBD) and non-HBD segments in purebred and crossbred pigs is of great interest. Research was carried out on 657 pigs, of which there were Large White (LW, = 280), Landrace (LR, = 218) and F1 female (♂LR × ♀LW) (F1, = 159).

Detection of genomic regions associated malformations in newborn piglets: a machine-learning approach.

Background: A significant proportion of perinatal losses in pigs occurs due to congenital malformations. The purpose of this study is the identification of genomic loci associated with fetal malformations in piglets.

Methods: The malformations were divided into two groups: associated with limb defects (piglet splay leg) and associated with other congenital anomalies found in newborn piglets.

Genome-wide analysis of genetic diversity and artificial selection in Large White pigs in Russia.

Breeding practices adopted at different farms are aimed at maximizing the profitability of pig farming. In this work, we have analyzed the genetic diversity of Large White pigs in Russia. We compared genomes of historic and modern Large White Russian breeds using 271 pig samples.

Genomic Regions and Candidate Genes Linked to Capped Hock in Pig.

Capped hock affects the exterior of pedigree pigs, making them unsalable and resulting in a negative impact on the efficiency of pig-breeding centers. The purpose of this paper was to carry out pilot studies aimed at finding genomic regions and genes linked to the capped hock in pigs. The studies were carried out on Landrace pigs (n = 75) and Duroc pigs (n = 70).

Assessing the Effect of SNPs on Litter Traits in Pigs.

The reproductive ability of sows is the principle of continuous and efficient production, based on such traits as the number of piglets, the total number of parities, and the period of economic use. Currently, SNPs associated with the TNB and NBA are presented in the PigQTLdb. The aim of this work was the assessment of the SNP effects on the litter traits in Large White (LW,  = 502) and Landrace (LN,  = 432) sow breeds in a farm in Russia.

Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Large White Pigs in Russia.

The Large White pig is the most commonly raised commercial pig breed in the world. The aim of this work was to investigate D-loop mtDNA in Large White pigs ( = 402) of various selections bred in the Russian Federation from 2000 to 2019. The general sample consisted of three groups: Old ( = 78) (Russian selection, 2000-2010); Imp ( = 123) (imported to Russia in 2008-2014); New ( = 201) (2015-2019).

Survey of SNPs Associated with Total Number Born and Total Number Born Alive in Pig.

Reproductive productivity depend on a complex set of characteristics. The number of piglets at birth (Total number born, Litter size, TNB) and the number of alive piglets at birth (Total number born alive, NBA) are the main indicators of the reproductive productivity of sows in pig breeding. Great hopes are pinned on GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Studies) to solve the problems associated with studying the genetic architecture of reproductive traits of pigs.

PigLeg: prediction of swine phenotype using machine learning.

Industrial pig farming is associated with negative technological pressure on the bodies of pigs. Leg weakness and lameness are the sources of significant economic loss in raising pigs. Therefore, it is important to identify the predictors of limb condition.

[Associations of PRLR/AluI gene polymorphism with reproductive, growth and meat quality traits in pigs].

The aim of this study was to determine associations between genotypes for the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene and swine reproductive, growth and meat traits. 210 sows of three genetic groups: Large White (LW), Danish Landrace (LD) and Landrace x Yorkshire x Duroc (L x x Y x D) were included. The studied reproductive traits included the total number of born (TNB), number born alive (NBA).