Gender differences in sense of coherence among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic halted everyday life in higher education along with social and psychological impacts. The objective of our study was to explore the factors related to sense of coherence (SoC) from a gender perspective among university students in Turkey. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted online with a convenience sampling method as part of the international COVID-Health Literacy (COVID-HL) Consortium.

The state of ethics education at medical schools in Turkey: taking stock and looking forward.

Background: Ethics teaching is globally considered an essential part of medical education fostering professionalism. It does not only provide knowledge for good clinical conduct, but also trains medical students as virtuous practitioners. Although Turkey has had a considerable experience in ethics education of healthcare professionals, the general state of ethics curricula at medical schools in Turkey is unknown.

Iodine status in Turkish populations and exposure to iodide uptake inhibitors.

Perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate are competitive inhibitors of the sodium iodide symporter of the thyroid membrane. These inhibitors can decrease iodine uptake by the symporter into the thyroid gland and may disrupt thyroid function. This study assesses iodine status and exposure to iodide uptake inhibitors of non-pregnant and non-lactating adult women living in three different cities in Turkey (Istanbul, Isparta and Kayseri).

Pharmacokinetics and serum concentrations of antimycobacterial drugs in adult Turkish patients.

Objective: To document the pharmacokinetics and serum concentrations of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in adult Turkish patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).

Design: Consenting 21 adult patients (aged 38 ± 4 years, 10 female and 11 male) with newly diagnosed active PTB participated in the study. Blood samples were collected 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h after simultaneous isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), pyrazinamide (PZA) and ethambutol (EMB) ingestion.

Plasma concentrations of isoniazid and rifampin are decreased in adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus.

Plasma isoniazid and rifampin concentrations, but not pyrazinamide and ethambutol concentrations, were decreased by about 50% (P < 0.05) in diabetic pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The prevalences of subnormal plasma isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol concentrations were 49% or 100% (P < 0.

Biomass smoke exposure as a serious health hazard for women.

Introduction: Lung diseases caused by biomass exposure cause a significant health hazard particularly amongst women. The present study was designed to investigate biomass exposure in women suffering from lung disease.

Materials And Methods: A total of 100 women [mean (SD) age: 55.

The outcome of tuberculosis cases with persistent smear positivity at the end of extended initial phase.

Introduction: To present the treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients with sputum smear positivity in the third month of category 1 treatment regimes.

Patients And Methods: A total of 1024 patients with tuberculosis treated in Ministry of Health Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital from January 2004 to December 2005 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Categorization and appropriate treatment of tuberculosis was performed according the World Health Organization guidelines.

Management of and risk factors related to hepatotoxicity during tuberculosis treatment.

Introduction: Hepatotoxicity is one of the most frequent adverse events occurring during tuberculosis treatment that may negatively affect treatment compliance, clinical outcome. This study was designed to evaluate management, risk factors related to hepatotoxicity during tuberculosis treatment.

Patients And Methods: Hospitalized patients for tuberculosis treatment at Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases, and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital were included, between January 2004 and December 2007.

Occupation and tuberculosis: a descriptive study in Turkish patients with tuberculosis.

Introduction: The present study was designed to determine the distribution of tuberculosis patients according to their occupations in Turkey.

Patients And Methods: A total of 757 patients with bacteriologically and histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis and under the tuberculosis treatment were included in this retrospective descriptive study. Medical records of patients admitted to the Ministry of Health Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital between the years of 2004 and 2007 were evaluated in terms of patient demographics and the occupations.

Ischemic involvement of the primary motor cortex is a prognostic factor in acute stroke.

Background: The location of the primary motor cortex can be detected in healthy adults using the findings of 'T2 hypointensity' and the 'double layer sign' on 3 T diffusion-weighted imaging. The aim of this study was to assess whether ischemic involvement of the primary motor cortex can be identified on 3 T diffusion-weighted imaging within six-hours after stroke onset and to evaluate whether this finding could predict clinical outcome three-months after ischemic stroke.

Methods: Sixty-five patients who had paralysis and ischemia of the anterior circulation underwent 3 T magnetic resonance imaging within six-hours of symptom onset.

Prevalence of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to cow's milk in infants based on skin prick test and questionnaire.

Objective: Cow's milk (CM) hypersensitivity is one of the most frequent hypersensitivities in infants. The objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence of immediate hypersensitivity to CM based on skin prick test results and to evaluate associated allergic conditions ascertained by questionnaire in infants living in Istanbul.

Methods: All infants born between June 2001 and May 2002 were recalled to the hospital according to their dates of birth, and 1015 infants aged between 8-18 months were included in the study.

Prevalence of egg sensitization in Turkish infants based on skin prick test.

Aim: Egg allergy is one of the most frequent allergies in infants. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sensitization to egg in infants based on skin prick test results and to evaluate associated allergic conditions by questionnaire.

Methods: All infants born between June 2001 and May 2002 were recalled to the hospital according to their dates of birth, and 1015 infants aged between 8-18 months were included in the study.

Load sharing within a human thoracic vertebral body: an in vitro biomechanical study.

Objective: The vertebral body is the major load bearing part of the vertebra and consists of a central trabecular core surrounded by a thin cortical shell. The aim of this in vitro biomechanical study is to determine the debated issue of load sharing in a vertebral body.

Methods: A series of non-destructive compressive testing on excised human thoracic vertebral bodies were performed.

Natural history and risk factors of early respiratory responses to exposure to cotton dust in newly exposed workers.

Objective: A prospective study of newly exposed cotton workers was performed to investigate the natural history of respiratory symptoms and lung function changes.

Methods: A total of 157 workers naive to cotton dust exposure were investigated by questionnaire, spirometry, and skin tests. They were examined before employment (baseline) and at the end of the first week, and the first, third, sixth, and 12th month after starting work.

Intra- and interobserver agreement on cervical volume and flow indices during pregnancy using transvaginal 3-dimensional ultrasonography and Doppler angiography.

Objectives: To assess intra- and interobserver agreement in cervical volume and flow indices measurements.

Method: We prospectively examined 126 patients by two seperate observers using transvaginal 3D gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound. The two acquired volume datasets were analyzed using the VOCAL imaging program for assessing cervical volume, vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI).

A double-blind, crossover, randomized dose-comparison trial of granisetron for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and emesis in children receiving moderately emetogenic carboplatin-based chemotherapy.

Background: Granisetron is a safe and effective prophylaxis for nausea and vomiting associated with moderate to highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Few trials have been conducted to determine the optimal effective dose of granisetron in children with cancer. The objective of this report was to compare two doses of granisetron in patients with optic pathway tumors receiving moderately emetogenic doses of carboplatin.

Three-dimensional ultrasound power Doppler assessment of the cervix: comparison between nulliparas and multiparas.

Aim: To assess the sonographic cervical characteristics between nulliparous and multiparous women.

Subject And Methods: Transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound and power Doppler using the virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) program were performed on 71 nulliparas and 59 multiparas at a mean gestational age of 25.3+/-7.

Across-shift lung function variation in cottonseed oil workers.

Background: The effects of cotton dust on pulmonary function among workers employed in cotton-spinning mills are well known. However, little data exist on the prevalence of this disorder in 'non-textile' cotton industries, including cottonseed oil mills, where high levels of exposure to dust have been demonstrated.

Aims: This study was performed in order to determine the across-shift and across-week decline of FEV(1) and respiratory symptoms among workers in a cottonseed oil mill.

Vaccination coverage and reasons for non-vaccination in a district of Istanbul.

Background: In order to control and eliminate the vaccine preventable diseases it is important to know the vaccination coverage and reasons for non-vaccination. The primary objective of this study was to determine the complete vaccination rate; the reasons for non-vaccination and the predictors that influence vaccination of children. The other objective was to determine coverage of measles vaccination of the Measles Immunization Days (MID) 2005 for children aged 9 month to 6 years in a region of Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey.

Effect of smoking on pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, and nuchal translucency in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Data were collected from 1275 pregnant Turkish women screened prospectively for chromosomal anomalies to determine whether first-trimester levels of maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and the thickness of nuchal translucency are affected by smoking and other covariables. Only normal singleton pregnancies were included. After weight correction, comparisons were made between smokers and nonsmokers.

Predictors of early leaving from the cotton spinning mill environment in newly hired workers.

Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to identify the predictors of leaving during the first year of employment from the cotton spinning mill environment in newly hired workers.

Methods: One hundred and ninety eight consecutively appointed new employees were investigated by questionnaire, lung function test, and skin test. They were examined before employment and at the end of the 1st week, and the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th month after starting work and when possible before leaving their job.

The utility of cytokeratins 7 and 20 (CK7/20) immunohistochemistry in the distinction of short-segment Barrett esophagus from gastric intestinal metaplasia: Is it reliable?

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present correlative immunohistochemical study was to assess the utility of cytokeratin (CK7 and CK20) expression in the diagnosis of short-segment Barrett esophagus, particularly its efficacy in differentiating Barrett mucosa from intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia and corpus. METHODS: Two groups of endoscopic biopsy specimens were examined, including 20 endoscopic biopsy specimens of short-segment Barrett esophagus (Group A) and equal number exhibiting Helicobacter pylori associated intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia and corpus (Group B). All were investigated by immunohistochemistry using the standard ABC method for CK7 and CK20 expression.