Comparison of Thyroid Gland Sonography Index with Serum Antithyroid Peroxidase, Antithyroglobulin, and Thyroid Function Tests in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis.

Background: Ultrasound examination of the thyroid has emerged as a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool, along with measuring serum titers of anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (Tg), and thyroid hormones, in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. So, we aimed at considering correlations of ultrasonographic, antibodies, and thyroid hormone levels.

Materials And Methods: A total of 149 patients (118 females, 31 males; aged 18-60 years; mean age: 38.

FRAX-derived intervention and assessment thresholds for osteoporosis in ten Middle Eastern countries.

Unlabelled: This study established FRAX-based age-specific assessment and intervention thresholds for ten Middle Eastern countries where FRAX is currently available, but the lack of specific thresholds has limited its usefulness. The intervention thresholds ranged from 0.6 (Saudi Arabia) to 36.

The effect of zoledronic acid on hip geometry in renal transplant recipients: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study.

Background: In renal transplant patients, bisphosphonates may prevent bone loss, but little is known about their effects on bone microarchitecture and geometrical hip parameters, as the key factors of bone stability. This study aimed to analyze the effect of zoledronic acid on the mentioned parameters in kidney transplant patients.

Methods: In this double-blind, randomized trial, 33 patients were followed for six months after administering either 4mg of zoledronic acid or a placebo.

Hip structural analysis, trabecular bone score, and bone mineral density in post-menopausal women with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a multi-center cross-sectional study in the south of Iran.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular microarchitecture, and proximal hip geometry in diabetic postmenopausal women, where BMD alone cannot reflect bone strength adequately. We found significantly lower trabecular bone score and BMD at the distal radius and total forearm in diabetic subjects compared to controls.

Purpose: The limitations resulting from the exclusive assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) in people with diabetes can lead to underestimation of microarchitectural and geometric changes, both of which play an essential role in the fracture risk.

Relapse of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Five Years after Bilateral-Lung Transplantation.

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is an uncommon disease principally affecting women during childbearing years and eventually leading to progressive respiratory failure. Lung transplantation is a viable option for patients with end-stage disease. LAM-related complications remain common, but recurrence of LAM following allograft transplantation is rare.

Radiological and Laboratory Findings of Patients with COVID-19 Infection at the Time of Admission.

Background & Objective: Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be challenging, especially when the real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is not available or it is negative. In this study, we evaluated imaging and laboratory findings in a group of patients with a multidisciplinary diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods: A total of 163 patients with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to a specialised respiratory centre in Tehran, Iran were enrolled in this study.

Incidence of metabolic syndrome and determinants of its progression in Southern Iran: A 5-year longitudinal follow-up study.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of conditions increasing the risk of serious diseases. This study aimed to define the predictors of MetS incident in a community-based cohort in Southern Iran, during a mean follow-up period of 5.1 years.

Clinical Significance of Quantitative FDG PET/CT Parameters in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Background: An initial evaluation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with 18F- fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan can modify treatment planning. We investigated the clinical significance of FDG PET/CT quantitative parameters (QPs) in NSCLC patients.

Materials And Methods: We included 125 NSCLC patients for initial staging FDG PET/CT scan.

Protective effect of the olive hydroalcoholic extract on estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in rats in comparison with estradiol.

Objective: Osteoporosis, as a skeletal disorder caused by aging, is considered a major health problem. This work was planned to assess the effect of the black olive hydroalcoholic extract on bone mineral density and biochemical parameters in ovariectomized rats.

Materials And Methods: Ninety 6-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 7 sets: control (received saline); sham-operated control, Ovariectomized (OVX) rats (received saline); 3 groups of black olive-supplemented OVX rats (respectively, receiving 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg body wt black olive extract orally); and estrogen group (receiving 3 mg/kg/day estradiol valerate).

Radiological Mimickers of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Pictorial Review.

Computed tomography (CT) scan plays an important role in the early diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia. In resource-limited regions with limited availability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits, CT findings, together with appropriate clinical parameters, are used to establish an accurate diagnosis. However, since the radiological findings are non-specific, the CT features may overlap with the findings of several other categories of pulmonary diseases.

A Multicenter Survey on the Trend of Chest CT Scan Utilization: Tracing the First Footsteps of COVID-19 in Iran.

Background: Chest computed tomography (CT) scan has been used widely to diagnose COVID-19 in Iran.

Objectives: To trace the footsteps of COVID-19 in Iran by exploring the trend in using chest CT scans and its economic impact on radiology departments. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the number of imaging examinations from 33 tertiary radiology departments in 9 large cities of Iran was collected from September 23, 2019 to March 20, 2020 (Months 1 to 6) and the corresponding months in 2018-2019.

Transient FDG-avid hilar lymph node on PET/CT imaging in asymptomatic COVID-19.

The most common features of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia on chest computed tomography imaging are ground glass opacity and consolidation. Mediastinal and hilar lymph node enlargement are less frequently observed. Herein, we present an unexpected finding of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid hilar lymph node in an asymptomatic patient with COVID-19, and show that this is a transient phenomenon, subsiding on a follow-up FDG-PET/CT within 10 days.

Correlation Between Low-Dose Chest Computed Tomography and RT-PCR Results for the Diagnosis of COVID-19: A Report of 27,824 Cases in Tehran, Iran.

Rationale And Objectives: Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold standard for confirmation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) despite having many disadvantages. Here, we investigated the diagnostic performance of chest computed tomography (CT) as an alternative to RT-PCR in patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 infection.

Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 27,824 patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 infection who underwent unenhanced low-dose chest CT from 20 February, 2020 to 21 May, 2020 were evaluated.

Paranasal sinuses computed tomography findings in anosmia of COVID-19.

Objective: Olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is poorly understood. Thus, mechanistic data are needed to elucidate the pathophysiological drivers of anosmia of COVID-19.

Methods: We performed the current study in patients who presented with anosmia and COVID-19 as documented by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay between April 1st and May 15st, 2020.

Spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and the six-minute walk test results in sarcoidosis patients.

Background: The 6-minute walking test, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and spirometry are useful tools for evaluation of respiratory impairment and functional capacity in patients with lung disease. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology.

Objectives: Since the pulmonary involvement can affect the quality of life in sarcoidosis patients, this study is aimed to evaluate the tests mentioned above in order to examine the functional capacity of sarcoidosis patients in different stages as well as the cause of exercise intolerance.

Lobar Distribution of COVID-19 Pneumonia Based on Chest Computed Tomography Findings; A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) imaging has quickly found its place as a beneficial tool in the detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To date, only a few studies have reported the distribution of lung lesions by segment. This study aimed to evaluate the lobar and segmental distribution of COVID-19 pneumonia based on patients' chest CT scan.

Pulmonary complications of predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies in a tertiary lung center.

Background And Aims: Respiratory infections are expressed very soon in the life in humoral immunodeficiencies and often lead to chronic irreversible complications such as bronchiectasis and chronic airflow limitation. This study was conducted to evaluate the pulmonary complications of predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies to show the benefits of timely diagnosis and appropriate therapy.

Patients And Methods: The information of 48 patients involved with a type of predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies, including sex, type of primary immunodeficiency, age at the onset of symptoms, age at diagnosis, recurrent infections, respiratory symptoms, and pulmonary radiological and functional abnormalities were recorded and analyzed.

The impact of iterative reconstruction protocol, signal-to-background ratio and background activity on measurement of PET spatial resolution.

Objectives: The present study aims to assess the impact of acquisition time, different iterative reconstruction protocols as well as image context (including contrast levels and background activities) on the measured spatial resolution in PET images.

Methods: Discovery 690 PET/CT scanner was used to quantify spatial resolutions in terms of full width half maximum (FWHM) as derived (i) directly from capillary tubes embedded in air and (ii) indirectly from 10 mm-diameter sphere of the NEMA phantom. Different signal-to-background ratios (SBRs), background activity levels and acquisition times were applied.

Relationships Between Various Components of Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic Kidney Disease in Shiraz, Iran.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can potentially be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Objectives: We aimed to determine the association of MetS and the number of metabolic syndrome components with the risk of CKD in the Iranian population in southern Iran.

Methods: A total of 819 subjects aged 18 - 88 years were enrolled using weight-based random cluster sampling.