Associations of early life body size and pubertal timing with breast density and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a mediation analysis.

Purpose: Whether breast density mediates associations between early life body size and pubertal timing with postmenopausal breast cancer is underexplored.

Methods: We studied 33,939 Danish women attending the Capital Mammography Screening Program at ages 50-69 years. Early life anthropometry and pubertal timing information came from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register.

Advanced therapies in US veterans with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a retrospective, active-comparator, new-user, cohort study.

Background: Uncertainty exists regarding patient outcomes when using TNF inhibitors versus other biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). We compared survival and respiratory hospitalisation outcomes following initiation of TNF-inhibitor or non-TNF inhibitor biological or targeted synthetic DMARDs for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated ILD.

Methods: We did a retrospective, active-comparator, new-user, observational cohort study with propensity score matching following the target trial emulation framework using US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) electronic and administrative health records.

Advancing forest carbon projections requires improved convergence between ecological and economic models.

Forests have the potential to contribute significantly to global climate policy efforts through enhanced carbon sequestration and storage in terrestrial systems and wood products. Projections models simulate changes future in forest carbon fluxes under different environmental, economic, and policy conditions and can inform landowners and policymakers on how to best utilize global forests for mitigating climate change. However, forest carbon modeling frameworks are often developed and applied in a highly disciplinary manner, e.

Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in five US jurisdictions: Comparison of Delta and Omicron variants.

Households are a significant source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, even during periods of low community-level spread. Comparing household transmission rates by SARS-CoV-2 variant may provide relevant information about current risks and prevention strategies. This investigation aimed to estimate differences in household transmission risk comparing the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants using data from contact tracing and interviews conducted from November 2021 through February 2022 in five U.

Clinical Outcomes in a Large Sample of Youth and Adult Patients Receiving Virtual Evidence-Based Treatment for ARFID: A Naturalistic Study.

Objective: Treatment outcomes research for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) has been limited to small, mixed-age feasibility trials in face-to-face care settings. This study aims to examine clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in a large sample of youth and adult patients receiving virtual multidisciplinary team treatment for ARFID.

Method: The sample included N = 783 patients (532 youth and 251 adults) diagnosed with ARFID.

The impact of osteopathic recognition on multiple medical specialty residencies in a university-based setting.

Context: In 2020, the allopathic and osteopathic residency programs were merged into a single residency system, with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) as the sole accreditor for residencies and fellowships in the United States. As a result of this merger, osteopathic recognition (OR) emerged as a unique approach to promoting osteopathic training and practice. However, there is a lack of data on the effects of OR in residency, specifically university-based residency programs.

Assessment of Muscle Synergies in Chronic Ankle Instability Patients During Unanticipated and Anticipated Landing.

Ankle sprains are a common injury among athletes and the general population, with chronic ankle instability (CAI) being a frequent complication. CAI patients often display altered neuromuscular control adaptations. This study analyzed muscle synergy patterns in 20 CAI patients during anticipated and unanticipated landing tasks to understand their neuromuscular adaptation strategies.

HIV and Inflamm-Aging: How Do We Reach the Summit of Healthy Aging?

People with HIV (PWH) are living longer and experiencing a greater burden of morbidity from non-AIDS-defining conditions. Chronically treated HIV disease is associated with ongoing systemic inflammation that contributes to the development of chronic conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease) and geriatric syndromes (eg, frailty). Apart from HIV disease, a progressive increase in systemic inflammation is a characteristic feature of biologic aging, a process described as "inflammaging.

Modified latex glove model for simulating a range of supermicrosurgical vessels.

Accessibility of simulated submillimetre vessels for training supermicrosurgeons is limited by cost and access to micro laboratory facilities. Common simulation techniques include in vivo rat mesenteric artery, ex-vivo cryopreserved artery, ex-vivo chicken wing or thigh and synthetic models such as silicone tubing. The lowest cost and most readily accessible of these is the chicken wing model (Hayashi et al.

The St. Jude Global Academy: A Multifaceted Education Program to Expand Pediatric Oncology Workforce Capacity.

There is currently a global shortage of healthcare professionals equipped to handle the rising burden of childhood cancer. St. Jude Global is an initiative to improve survival rates of children with cancer worldwide while improving access to quality care.

Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of the MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine Trial.

Objective: To evaluate descriptive efficacy data, exploratory immunogenicity data, and safety follow-up through study completion from the global, phase 3 MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) maternal vaccination trial of bivalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein vaccine (RSVpreF).

Methods: MATISSE was a phase 3, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Healthy pregnant participants aged 49 years or younger at 24-36 weeks of gestation were randomized (1:1) to receive a single RSVpreF 120 micrograms or placebo dose.

Validation of visual analog scales of mood and anxiety at the workplace.

Unlabelled: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is commonly used to detect depressive or anxious states, but its 14-item questionnaire is time-consuming. Visual analog scales (VAS) are easy to use and quick to implement. Although the VAS has been validated to assess pain and occupational stress, VAS scores for anxiety and mood have never been evaluated in the workplace.

Conducting ethical, co-produced research with autistic individuals with an eating disorder: best practice guidelines.

There is a notable overlap between autism and eating disorders (EDs), and autistic individuals may experience poorer ED treatment outcomes than non-autistic peers. To make meaningful change in this field, it is imperative that we actively engage in co-production of research, however there are currently no guidelines to support co-production with autistic people with eating disorders. This paper reports on best practice guidelines that were co-produced across a series of workshops bringing together autistic people with EDs, researchers, clinicians, third-sector organisations, and parents/carers.

Self-reported history of physical intimate partner violence and longitudinal cognitive performance in midlife women.

Background: Intimate partner violence affects about a third of women in their lifetimes and can result in short- and long-term health consequences, including less favorable performance on measures of cognitive function.

Objectives: We assess whether experiencing physical intimate partner violence in midlife was associated with steeper declines in subsequent tests of cognitive performance.

Design: This study used data from 1713 women in the longitudinal cohort Study of Women's Health Across the Nation to relate baseline information on physical intimate partner violence to declines in scores from the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the East Boston Memory Test and the Digit Span Backwards spanning follow-up visits 7 through 15.

Impacts of the Bonnet Carré Spillway on common bottlenose dolphins in the Mississippi Sound from 2010 to 2021.

In the last decade, the frequency of the use of the Bonnet Carré Spillway (BCS) to divert water from the Mississippi River by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has dramatically increased. The BCS is designed to protect the city of New Orleans, Louisiana from levee breaches and devastating floods. In 2011 and 2019, during extreme flood events, the USACE diverted 6.

Understanding Uncertainty in Market-Mediated Responses to US Oilseed Biodiesel Demand: Sensitivity of ILUC Emission Estimates to GLOBIOM Parametric Uncertainty.

The life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of biofuels depend on uncertain estimates of induced land use change (ILUC) and subsequent emissions from carbon stock changes. Demand for oilseed-based biofuels is associated with particularly complex market and supply chain dynamics, which must be considered. Using the global partial equilibrium model GLOBIOM, this study explores the uncertainty in market-mediated impacts and ILUC-related emissions from increasing demand for soybean biodiesel in the United States in the period 2020-2050.

Angiotensin receptor blockers modulate the lupus CD4+ T cell epigenome characterized by TNF family-linked signaling.

In systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), environmental effects acting within a permissive genetic background lead to autoimmune dysregulation. Dysfunction of CD4+ T cells contributes to pathology by providing help to autoreactive B and T cells, and CD4+ T cell dysfunction coincides with altered DNA methylation and histone modifications of select gene loci. However, chromatin accessibility states of distinct T cell subsets and mechanisms driving heterogeneous chromatin states across patients remain poorly understood.

Social Determinant of Unconventional Resilience: Tactical Engagement with Grief-Processing.

Building on our operational model, we will discuss findings from our ethnographic study titled, "The Impact of Catastrophic Injury Exposure on Resilience in Special Operations Surgical Teams," to establish that optimal grief-processing allows Special Operation Forces (SOF) medics to alchemize the intense pain of loss into a pliant palliative posture that shows conscientious concern for others across the deployment cycle. To achieve our goals, we will: 1) provide a brief background on contemporary bereavement studies, death-stacking, and historical grief-processing; 2) define the social determinant of grief-processing as extrapolated from qualitative data; and 3) use qualitative data to thematize various grief processes. We conclude by gesturing to how grief-processing galvanizes SOF medic equanimity amid death discernment, which emphasizes the human fragility inherent in all SOF missions.

Interpreting Context in Rural and Remote Aged Care Facilities in Readiness for a New Care Model: A Mixed Method Study.

Background: Geographical isolation compounds limited access to healthcare services and skilled workforce for the provision of rural aged care. Residents have complex chronic disease management and end-of-life care needs. An undersupply of general medical practitioners due to retirement, attrition or unfilled training places in Australia has impacted recruitment to rural areas.

An Evolutionary Psychology Perspective on Athletic Development and Performance: Differences Between Proximate and Ultimate Explanations.

Many areas of mainstream psychology have embraced the notions that understanding human behaviour can be improved by integrating developments from evolutionary science; however, evolutionary principles have not been as widely applied among sport researchers or practitioners, especially those examining athlete development and the psychology of competition and performance. In this paper, we discuss the distinction between ultimate and proximate explanations of psychological outcomes, and the relevance of this distinction for exploring issues related to skill acquisition and athlete development. We use three examples-deliberate practice, early sport play and sustained engagement-to highlight the benefits and challenges of applying evolutionary theories to sport contexts.

Estimating the link between service-user patient safety perceptions, incidents and subsequent contagion in acute mental health wards.

Background: Safety incidents are common in adult acute inpatient mental health services, and detrimental to all. Incidents spread via social contagion within the ward, but social contagion is difficult to quantify. Better measures of social contagion could support a milieu in which safety incidents are less likely to be prolonged, spread, or repeated, with widespread benefits.