IV Thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion - Real-world experience from a comprehensive stroke center.

Objectives: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a stroke of the retina potentially amenable to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). We aimed to determine feasibility of an emergency treatment protocol and risk profile of IVT for CRAO in a comprehensive stroke center (CSC).

Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study including patients with acute CRAO admitted to a CSC over 4 years.

Pediatric Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Secondary to Concurrent Mechanisms of Optic Neuritis and Antiphospholipid Syndrome.

To report a pediatric case of optic neuritis with subsequent development of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). A case and its findings were analyzed. A 16-year-old boy presented with painful vision loss in the left eye, an afferent pupillary defect, and optic disc edema.

Approach to the diagnosis and management of nutritional optic neuropathies.

Purpose Of Review: Nutritional deficiency is an under-recognized cause of optic neuropathy. The purpose of this review is to discuss how to identify, diagnose, and appropriately manage patients with nutritional optic neuropathy.

Recent Findings: Nutritional deficiencies have long been thought to be more prevalent in the developing countries.

Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery in the Management of Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas: An International Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Twenty Studies.

Background: Optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONMs) are often managed with radiotherapy (RT) with the goal of achieving radiographic local control (LC) and preventing deterioration of visual acuity (VA). We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes for patients with ONM treated with RT.

Methods: The PICOS/PRISMA/MOOSE selection criteria were used to identify studies.

Intravenous Fibrinolysis for Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Cohort Study and Updated Patient-Level Meta-Analysis.

Background And Purpose: Central retinal artery occlusion results in sudden, painless, usually permanent loss of vision in the affected eye. There is no proven, effective treatment to salvage visual acuity and a clear, unmet need for an effective therapy. In this work, we evaluated the efficacy of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV alteplase) in a prospective cohort study and an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Emerging Treatments for Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and Other Genetic Causes of Visual Loss.

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and other genetic causes of visual loss are important clinical entities that can cause profound visual loss. To date, therapeutic options have been quite limited, but insights into the genetic basis of these diseases and advances in the ability to deliver effective and safe gene therapy have opened the door for new therapeutics that may revolutionize the approach to treating these conditions. This article reviews emerging gene therapies of LHON and other inherited ophthalmological diseases, addressing the technical, clinical, and ethical challenges that researchers and clinicians will encounter as new treatments become available for these conditions.

For Massachusetts Eye and Ear Special Issue: Updates on Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis for the Ophthalmologist.

In the past decade, the available disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis have broadened significantly, providing physicians and patients with multiple options with different mechanisms of action, administration routes, and risk-benefit profiles. Multiple sclerosis often presents with ophthalmic manifestations due to inflammatory demyelination of the afferent and efferent visual pathways, and evidence of disease can factor into the decision to initiate or substitute a particular therapy. Furthermore, some of these drugs have toxicities that can manifest with ophthalmic complications, of which ophthalmologists should be aware.

[Comparative experimental study of current implant materials used in orbital surgery].

Reconstructive orbital procedures are often associated with the use of different implant materials, that may sometimes cause complications resulting in surgery efficacy impairing and need of reoperation. At the present time in Russia and abroad various orbital implants are used though there are no experimental or clinical studies comparing implant materials used In this study comparative experimental morphological investigation of biointegrative characteristics of 6 current orbital implant materials was performed, tissue reactions in response to implantation is described in details in laboratory animals, recommendations for implant use in clinic are given.

[Study of the three-dimensional structure and biointegrative characteristics of porous orbital implant materials].

Plastic repair operations in ophthalmic surgery frequently require the use of various biological and artificial implants. The biointegrative properties of implants are provided by the physicochemical characteristics of the material that is used to make them, by the three-dimensional structure of an implant and its immunological characteristics. The authors comparatively studied the three-dimensional structure of a Carbotexim-M carbonic felt, porous polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, demineralized bone alloimplant, and marine coral hydroxyapatite, which are employed in orbital surgery and also examined the adhesion of fibroblasts to their surface.

[Materials used in orbital surgery].

Implant materials for orbital surgery are mainly used during orbital traumatic deformity-eliminating operations, postenucleation stump plasty, evisceration, and anophthalmic syndrome correction. There are currently a lot of biological and artificial implant materials, but there is no universal material to correct all types of defects and this makes surgeons use a great quantity of reparative procedures and techniques and scientists continue to search for more suitable implant materials. This paper reviews the currently available materials used in orbital surgery in Russia and foreign countries.

[Long-term results of treatment of patients with liver echinococcosis operated by a traditional method and by using high temperature (plasma) technologies].

A comparative analysis of surgical treatment of 160 patients with liver echinococcosis treated by traditional surgical methods and with using plasma technologies followed by a complex assessment of the long-term results has reliably confirmed advantages of operations using the plasma flow. They were followed by less incidence of postoperative complications and recurrences of the disease. It was also confirmed by high quality of life of the contingent observed that was estimated by a specially developed questionnaire.

[Experimental study of relationships of carbotexim-M to the adjacent tissues during its subcutaneous implantation].

A Russian Carbotexim-M carbonic felt was implanted into the subcutaneous pocket on the back of albino nice. Gross and morphological analysis of changes in rejection was first performed during 4 months and the status after material yield and skin defect healing was also analyzed after 4 months. The risk factors of rejection were the excessive volume of an implant, epithelial thickness and metabolism, the abrasive effect of Carbotexim-M particles.

Surface heterogeneity and surface area from linear inverse gas chromatography. Application to glass fibers.

A new method of measuring surface heterogeneity of non-porous adsorbents by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is developed. In contrast with the methods described in the literature which are based on nonlinear chromatography (thermodynamics of adsorption) this method is based on linear chromatography (kinetics of adsorption). The mass balance equation of linear chromatography with axial diffusion term and the Langmuir kinetic equation on an open (non-porous) heterogeneous surface are solved by the method of Laplace transforms.

[Splitting of mononucleosomes into histone-containing subnucleosomes].

Histone-containing subnucleosomal particles SN7 and SN4 revealed initially in micrococcal nuclease digest of mouse chromatin were studied. It was found that production of SN7 and SN4 did not depend on the preservation of supranucleosomal levels of chromatin organization and was the result of intranucleosomal splitting. Micrococcal nuclease that preferentially attacks internucleosomal linker DNA can cut mononucleosomes with the formation of 40 b.

[Structure of chromosomal deoxyribonucleoproteins. X. Investigation of protein organization in chromosomal subunits with the aid of bifunctional agents].

Chromosomal proteins were treated with imido esters or with formaldehyde. Histones and their oligomers were then obtained by acid extraction and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We discovered a nonameric histone oligomer in which histone H1 complexes with the octamer of small histones.