Integrated analysis of cell cycle and p53 signaling pathways related genes in breast, colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers: implications for prognosis and drug sensitivity for therapeutic potential.

Cancer, a leading cause of death worldwide, is projected to increase by 76.6% in new cases and 89.7% in mortality by 2050 (WHO 2022).

Discovery and characterization of a novel LysinB from F2 sub-cluster mycobacteriophage RitSun.

The escalating antibiotic resistance in mycobacterial species poses a significant threat globally, necessitating an urgent need to find alternative solutions. Bacteriophage-derived endolysins, which facilitate phage progeny release by attacking bacterial cell walls, present promising antibacterial candidates due to their rapid lytic action, high specificity and low risk of resistance development. In mycobacteria, owing to the complex, hydrophobic cell wall, mycobacteriophages usually synthesize two endolysins: LysinA, which hydrolyzes peptidoglycan; LysinB, which delinks mycolic acid-containing outer membrane and arabinogalactan, releasing free mycolic acid.

Mycobacteriophages: therapeutic approach for mycobacterial infections.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health threat, and cases of infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) causing lung disease (NTM-LD) are rising. Bacteriophages and their gene products have garnered interest as potential therapeutic options for bacterial infections. Here, we have compiled information on bacteriophages and their products that can kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis or NTM.

Insights into the genomic features and lifestyle of B1 subcluster mycobacteriophages.

Bacteriophages infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis mc155 are numerous and, hence, are classified into clusters based on nucleotide sequence similarity. Analyzing phages belonging to clusters/subclusters can help gain deeper insights into their biological features and potential therapeutic applications. In this study, for genomic characterization of B1 subcluster mycobacteriophages, a framework of online tools was developed, which enabled functional annotation of about 55% of the previously deemed hypothetical proteins in B1 phages.

Unlocking prophage potential: and experimental analysis of a novel LysinB containing a peptidoglycan-binding domain.

Endolysins are highly evolved bacteriophage-encoded lytic enzymes produced to damage the bacterial cell wall for phage progeny release. They offer promising potential as highly specific lytic proteins with a low chance of bacterial resistance. The diversity in lysin sequences and domain organization can be staggering.

Witnessing light-driven entanglement using time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering.

Characterizing and controlling entanglement in quantum materials is crucial for the development of next-generation quantum technologies. However, defining a quantifiable figure of merit for entanglement in macroscopic solids is theoretically and experimentally challenging. At equilibrium the presence of entanglement can be diagnosed by extracting entanglement witnesses from spectroscopic observables and a nonequilibrium extension of this method could lead to the discovery of novel dynamical phenomena.

Identification of perturbed pathways rendering susceptibility to tuberculosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using BioNSi simulation of integrated networks of implicated human genes.

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation underlie susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) and result in poor TB control. Here, an integrative pathway-based approach is used to investigate perturbed pathways in T2DM patients that render susceptibility to TB. We obtained 36 genes implicated in type 2 diabetes-associated tuberculosis (T2DMTB) from the literature.

Quantitative impact assessment of temperature on the economics of a rooftop solar photovoltaic system.

This paper analyzes the economics of a grid-interactive rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system and the impact of the temperature on it. The analysis related to energy metrics, lifecycle costing, and environmental economics was performed considering the PV system's life as 30 years. The system economics is also compared at different conditions like theoretical, temperature-corrected, and real electricity generation data.

Functional characterization of a DNA-dependent AAA ATPase in a F-cluster mycobacteriophage.

Mycobacteriophages are viruses of Mycobacterium spp. with promising diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Phage genome exploration and characterization of their proteomes are essential to gaining a better understanding of their role in phage biology.

Alternative Treatment Strategies for Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections Associated with COVID-19.

Antimicrobials are essential for combating infectious diseases. However, an increase in resistance to them is a major cause of concern. The empirical use of drugs in managing COVID-19 and the associated secondary infections have further exacerbated the problem of antimicrobial resistance.

prediction of natural compounds as potential multi-target inhibitors of structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a colossal loss to human health and lives and has deeply impacted socio-economic growth. Remarkable efforts have been made by the scientific community in containing the virus by successful development of vaccines and diagnostic kits. Initiatives towards drug repurposing and discovery have also been undertaken.

Computational identification and characterization of antigenic properties of Rv3899c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its interaction with human leukocyte antigen (HLA).

A rise in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) cases demands continued efforts towards the discovery and development of drugs and vaccines. Secretory proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv) are frequently studied for their antigenicity and their scope as protein subunit vaccines requires further analysis. In this study, Rv3899c of H37Rv emerges as a potential vaccine candidate on its evaluation by several bioinformatics tools.

Screening of compound library identifies novel inhibitors against the MurA enzyme of Escherichia coli.

Bacterial cell has always been an attractive target for anti-infective drug discovery. MurA (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase) enzyme of Escherichia coli (E.coli) is crucial for peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway, as it is involved in the early stages of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis.

Spintronics Meets Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics: Geometric Spin Torque and Damping on Dynamical Classical Magnetic Texture due to an Electronic Open Quantum System.

We analyze a quantum-classical hybrid system of steadily precessing around the fixed axis slow classical localized magnetic moments (LMMs), forming a head-to-head domain wall, surrounded by fast electrons driven out of equilibrium by LMMs and residing within a metallic wire whose connection to macroscopic reservoirs makes electronic quantum system an open one. The model captures the essence of dynamical noncollinear magnetic textures encountered in spintronics, while making it possible to obtain the exact time-dependent nonequilibrium density matrix of electronic systems and split it into four contributions. The Fermi surface contribution generates dissipative (or dampinglike in spintronics terminology) spin torque on LMMs, as the counterpart of electronic friction in nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (MD).

Design and Synthesis of Various 5'-Deoxy-5'-(4-Substituted-1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl)-Uridine Analogues as Inhibitors of Mur Ligases.

The synthesis of hitherto unknown 5'-deoxy-5'-(4-substituted-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-uridine and its evaluation, through an one-pot screening assay, against MurA-F enzymes involved in (Mtb), are described. Starting from UDP--acetylmuramic acid (UDP-MurNAc), the natural substrate involved in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis, our strategy was to substitute the diphosphate group of UDP-MurNAc by a 1,2,3-triazolo spacer under copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition conditions. The structure-activity relationship was discussed and among the 23 novel compounds developed, -acetylglucosamine analogues and emerged as the best inhibitors against the Mtb MurA-F enzymes reconstruction pathway with an inhibitory effect of 56% and 50%, respectively, at 100 μM.

Characterization and genome analysis of B1 sub-cluster mycobacteriophage PDRPxv.

Mycobacteriophages are viruses specific to mycobacteria that have gained attention as alternative therapeutic strategies for treating antibiotic-resistant infections. Mycobacteriophages are highly diverse and have been grouped into 29 clusters, 71 sub-clusters and 10 singletons based on the genome sequence. Here, we annotate the genome of PDRPxv, a lytic mycobacteriophage isolated from New Delhi; it belongs to the Siphoviridae family as determined by transmission electron microscopy.

Screening of Antitubercular Compound Library Identifies Inhibitors of Mur Enzymes in .

The rapid rise in the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of (Mtb) mandates the discovery of novel tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Mur enzymes, which are identified as essential proteins in Mtb and catalyze the cytoplasmic steps in the peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway, are considered potential drug targets. However, none of the clinical drugs have yet been developed against these enzymes.

Active versus passive case finding for tuberculosis in marginalised and vulnerable populations in India: comparison of treatment outcomes.

: Community-based active case finding (ACF) for tuberculosis (TB) implemented among marginalised and vulnerable populations in 285 districts of India resulted in reduction of diagnosis delay and prevalence of catastrophic costs due to TB diagnosis. We were interested to know whether this translated into improved treatment outcomes. Globally, there is limited published literature from marginalised and vulnerable populations on the independent effect of community-based ACF on treatment outcomes when compared to passive case finding (PCF).

Are we missing 'previously treated' smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis under programme settings in India? A cross-sectional study.

In 2007, a field observation from India reported 11% misclassification among 'new' patients registered under the revised national tuberculosis (TB) control programme. Ten years down the line, it is important to know what proportion of newly registered patients has a past history of TB treatment for at least one month (henceforth called 'misclassification'). A study was conducted among new smear-positive pulmonary TB patients registered between March 2016 and February 2017 in 18 randomly selected districts to determine the effectiveness of an active case-finding strategy in marginalised and vulnerable populations.

Repurposing of FDA-approved drugs to target MurB and MurE enzymes in .

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by (Mtb) is one amongst the top 10 causes of death worldwide. The growing rise in antibiotic resistance compounded with slow and expensive drug discovery has further aggravated the situation. 'Drug repurposing' is a promising approach where known drugs are examined for a new indication.

Patient characteristics, health seeking and delays among new sputum smear positive TB patients identified through active case finding when compared to passive case finding in India.

Background: Axshya SAMVAD is an active tuberculosis (TB) case finding (ACF) strategy under project Axshya (Axshya meaning 'free of TB' and SAMVAD meaning 'conversation') among marginalized and vulnerable populations in 285 districts of India.

Objectives: To compare patient characteristics, health seeking, delays in diagnosis and treatment initiation among new sputum smear positive TB patients detected through ACF and passive case finding (PCF) under the national TB programme in marginalized and vulnerable populations between March 2016 and February 2017.

Methods: This observational analytic study was conducted in 18 randomly sampled Axshya districts.