Bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex and the role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism: A case control study.

Purpose: The Bladder Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex (BEEC) is the most serious form of midline abdominal malformation. The etiology of BEEC is unknown and is thought to be multifactorial. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism C677T is strongly associated with other midline abnormalities such as neural tube defects.

Impacted Sharp Oesophageal Foreign Bodies--A Novel Technique of Removal with the Paediatric Bronchoscope.

Sharp foreign bodies in the oesophagus may present as an entirely asymptomatic child with only radiological evidence but require emergent surgical management. Safety pins, razor blades and needles are a few of the commonly ingested sharp objects in developing countries. The open safety pin is a particularly interesting clinical problem, as the management depends on its location and orientation.

Cardiac Output Assessment by Transthoracic Electrical Bio-impedance in Patients of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Comparative Analysis with Echocardiography.

Objectives: Transthoracic electrical bio-impedance (TEB) has been proposed as a non-invasive and continuous method of cardiac output (CO) measurement, but it still has not found wide usages in clinics. The present study measured CO, using a new instrument NICOMON, and compared it with Echocardiography (ECHO) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.

Methods: In the present study 100 patients of AMI were assessed by both ECHO and NICOMON for cardiac output and ECHO is considered as a reference method for comparison.

Water absorption and moisture permeation properties of chitosan/poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid) IPC films.

In this work, aqueous solutions of chitosan (Ch) and [poly(acrylamide(AAm)-co-itaconicacid(IA)] have been mixed to yield Ch/poly(AAm-co-IA) Inter-polyelectrolyte complex (IPC) films. The films were characterized by FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). There was remarkable increase in the crystalline nature of IPC films.

Masterly inactivity in infantile haemangioma: Does it still hold relevance?

Background: Haemangiomas are a source of concern to the parents. It has long been advised to plan a conservative management and counsel the attendants in various literatures owing to the spontaneous regression in these cases. We tried to find out the role of conservative management in our setup.

Novel mutation detection of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene, FGFR2IIIa, FGFR2IIIb, FGFR2IIIc, FGFR3, FGFR4 gene for craniosynostosis: A prospective study in Asian Indian patient.

Background: Craniosynostosis (CS) syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition classically combining craniosynostosis and non-syndromic craniosynostosis with digital anomalies of the hands and feet. The majority of cases are caused by heterozygous mutations in the third immunoglobulin-like domain (IgIII) of FGFR2, whilst a larger number of cases can be attributed to mutations outside this region of the protein.

Aims: To find out the FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4 gene in craniosynostosis syndrome.

Adrenal neuroblastoma with metastatic mandibular mass: An unusual presentation.

Neuroblastoma very rarely presents as a mandibular mass. We report the case of a 3-year-old female child who presented to us with a right mandibular mass of 3 months duration. She was investigated and diagnosed as a case of stage 4 right adrenal neuroblastoma with mandibular and skull metastasis.

A Comparative Evaluation of Gustafson's Formula and New Formula for Age Estimation in India--A Forensic Study.

The choice to use teeth for age determination is well accepted due to their longevity ability of being resilient to change. The total of 228 extracted teeth collected from the patients visited to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NIMS Dental College, Jaipur, the teeth were without dental fillings and without and/or cavity selected. The known age was from 21 to 70 years with the average age of 43.

Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of 5,6-Disubstituted Pyridin-2(1H)-one Derivatives as Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) Antagonists.

We report the design and synthesis of novel 5,6-diarylated pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives as pharmacophoric PDE10A inhibitors. This highly potent molecular scaffold was developed from an inactive diarylpyridine-2-amine derivative 3b by extensive and systematic analogue synthesis and SAR analysis. Further optimization of the scaffold resulted in identification of pyridin-2(1H)-one 18b as a lead compound with good potency (IC50 = 1.

Evaluation of glottic view through Air-Q Intubating Laryngeal Airway in the supine and lateral position and assessing it as a conduit for blind endotracheal intubation in children in the supine position.

Introduction: We assessed the feasibility of blind orotracheal intubation in children using the Air-QILA as a conduit in supine position and the glottic view grading by fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) through it both in supine and lateral positions.

Methods: After ethical approval and consent, 60 children were enrolled in the study. In the operating room, after attaching standard monitors to all children, anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane (2-8%) in oxygen (100%).

Design, development, and results from a charge-collector diagnostic for a toroidal electron plasma experiment.

A suitable charge-collector has been designed and developed to estimate charge-content of electron plasmas in a Small Aspect Ratio Toroidal Experiment in a C-shaped trap (SMARTEX-C). The electrons are periodically injected and held in the trap with the aid of electrostatic end-fields and a toroidal magnetic field. After a preset "hold" time, the trapped charges are dumped onto a grounded collector (by gating it).

Novel benzamide-based histamine h3 receptor antagonists: the identification of two candidates for clinical development.

The preclinical characterization of novel phenyl(piperazin-1-yl)methanones that are histamine H3 receptor antagonists is described. The compounds described are high affinity histamine H3 antagonists. Optimization of the physical properties of these histamine H3 antagonists led to the discovery of several promising lead compounds, and extensive preclinical profiling aided in the identification of compounds with optimal duration of action for wake promoting activity.

Study of prognostic significance of antenatal ultrasonography and renin angiotensin system activation in predicting disease severity in posterior urethral valves.

Aims: Study on prognostic significance of antenatal ultrasonography and renin angiotensin system activation in predicting disease severity in posterior urethral valves.

Materials And Methods: Antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis patients were included. Postnatally, they were divided into two groups, posterior urethral valve (PUV) and non-PUV.

Unilateral Ankylosis of Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) with Contralateral Condylar Aplasia and Related Orthopedic Deformity - Syndromic or Nonsyndromic?

Condylar aplasia which means "failure of development" is a rare condition and can be unilateral or bilateral. Mandibular condylar Aplasia without any association with syndrome is extremely rare. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis results from trauma, infection and inadequate surgical treatment of the condylar area.

Caudal bupivacaine and morphine provides effective postoperative analgesia but does not prevent hemodynamic response to pneumoperitoneum for major laparoscopic surgeries in children.

The use of a caudal block in laparoscopic surgery in children is limited to minor procedures like inguinal hernia repair, and intravenous opioids remain the analgesic modality of choice in major laparoscopic surgery. However, a caudal block is frequently performed at our institute even for laparoscopic surgery. Therefore, we planned to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of caudal bupivacaine and morphine in major laparoscopic surgery as compared to intravenous opioids.

A49T, R227Q and TA repeat polymorphism of steroid 5 alpha-reductase type II gene and Hypospadias risk in North Indian children.

Background/aims: Hypospadias is a common congenital error of genital development, the frequency of which is increasing. As androgens have a significant role in the development of the male urethra, we sought to investigate the association between functional polymorphisms of SRD5A2 gene in relation to hypospadias.

Methods: We examined DNA samples of 96 cases and 105 controls for SRD5A2-A49T, R227Q and TA repeat gene polymorphisms.

Intra thoracic migration of ureteric stent after exstrophy bladder closure: Unusual complication.

Classic bladder exstrophy is a rare malformation of the genitourinary tract requiring surgical intervention either one-staged or staged fashion. Premature stent dislodgement is a well-known reported complication. We are reporting an unusual case of migration of ureteric stent to thoracic cavity leading to the pleural effusion and respiratory distress in early post-operative period.

Nanosuspension Technology For Poorly Soluble Drugs: Recent Researches, Advances and Patents.

Nowadays, in pharmaceutical industries, the attention on nanosized materials is growing gradually due to their wide applications in drug delivery systems. Recently, out of different nanosize systems, nanosuspension system has undergone a lot of interest in such a way to rectify the solubility and bioavailability problem due to their technical simplicity and cost-effectiveness property compared to other colloidal systems. Nanosuspension technology has proven that it can be a superior substitute over alternative approaches, which are available for enhancing the bioavailability of different drugs having low solubility.