Noise Level of a Ring Laser Gyroscope in the Femto-Rad/s Range.

Absolute angular rotation rate measurements with sensitivity better than prad/s would be beneficial for fundamental science investigations. In this regard, large frame Earth based ring laser gyroscopes are top instrumentation as far as bandwidth, long-term operation, and sensitivity are concerned. Here, we demonstrate that the GINGERINO active-ring laser upper limiting noise is close to 2×10^{-15}  rad/s for ∼2×10^{5}  s of integration time, as estimated by the Allan deviation evaluated in a differential measurement scheme.

DNA Mutations via Chern-Simons Currents.

We test the validity of a possible schematization of DNA structure and dynamics based on the Chern-Simons theory, that is a topological field theory mostly considered in the context of effective gravity theories. By means of the expectation value of the Wilson Loop, derived from this analogue gravity approach, we find the point-like curvature of genomic strings in KRAS human gene and COVID-19 sequences, correlating this curvature with the genetic mutations. The point-like curvature profile, obtained by means of the Chern-Simons currents, can be used to infer the position of the given mutations within the genetic string.

Combating Actions of Green 2D-Materials on Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria and Enveloped Viruses.

Interactions of novel bi-dimensional nanomaterials and live matter such as bacteria and viruses represent an extremely hot topic due to the unique properties of the innovative nanomaterials, capable in some cases to exhibit bactericide and antiviral actions. The interactions between bacteria and viruses and two dimensional nanosheets are here investigated. We extensively studied the interaction between a gram-negative bacterium, , and a gram-positive bacterium, , with two different types of 2D nanoflakes such as MoS, belonging to the Transition Metal Dichalcogenides family, and Graphene Oxide.

Exploring the Photodynamic Properties of Two Antiproliferative Benzodiazopyrrole Derivatives.

The identification of molecules whose biological activity can be properly modulated by light is a promising therapeutic approach aimed to improve drug selectivity and efficacy on the molecular target and to limit the side effects compared to traditional drugs. Recently, two photo-switchable diastereomeric benzodiazopyrrole derivatives and have been reported as microtubules targeting agents (MTAs) on human colorectal carcinoma p53 null cell line (HCT 116 p53-/-). Their IC was enhanced upon Light Emitting Diode (LED) irradiation at 435 nm and was related to their form.

[-Coexistence of neural proliferations with early epithelial neoplasias and benign ectopias of the uterine cervix-].

Objective: The study wanted to test the hypothesis that stromal systems can influence the development of the epithelium.

Method: The stroma of specimens obtained by conizations of the cervix was histologically investigated.

Results: Neural proliferations such as neuromas, neurofibromas and vascular neurofibromatoses were found.

Quantitative measurements of the changes in protein thiols in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and in carcinoma of the human uterine cervix provide evidence for the existence of a biochemical field effect.

Quantitative micromethods have been used for measuring reactive protein thiols (PSHr), total reactive protein sulfur (TRPS), total protein thiols (PSHt), and protein disulfides (PDS) in fixed frozen sections of human uterine cervix. PSHr and TRPS were stained using 2,2'-dihydroxy-6,6'-dinaphthyl disulfide; PSHt and PDS were stained using mercurochrome methods. Microspectrophotometric measurements were made on the stained sections using a microdensitometer with associated data processing; the results obtained for areas of epithelium and stroma were converted to absorbance values per micron 2.

Histophotometry of protein thiols and disulphides in tissue samples from the human uterine cervix and the skin reveals a "field effect" as well as an "extended field effect" of malignant tumours.

Fresh frozen and fixed serial sections were stained with 2,2'-dihydroxy-6,6'-dinaphthyldisulfide (DDD) and Fast blue B for reactive protein thiols (PSHr) and total reactive protein sulfur (TRPS). The mean optical densities of PSHr and TRPS determined histophotometrically at a distinct part of a tissue were related to each other (PSHr: TRPS). If this quotient has been determined, e.

Histophotometric quantification of the field effect and the extended field effect of tumors.

Histophotometric investigations have been made on samples of human skin. Fresh frozen serial sections were fixed and stained for either reactive protein thiols (PSHr) or total reactive protein sulphur (TRPS) using modifications of the DDD-Fast blue B-method. In addition, total protein thiols (PSHt) were stained with the Mercurochromcyanide-method, and proteins were stained using a modified amido-black procedure.

Quantitative cytospectrophotometric studies on protein thiols and reactive protein disulphides in samples of normal human uterine cervix and on samples obtained from patients with dysplasia or carcinoma-in-situ.

Quantitative microspectophotometric studies have been made on sections of human cervix after staining for reactive protein thiol-groups (PSHr), and the sum of protein thiols with so-called reactive protein disulphides (together abbreviated as TRPS). Measurements were made on normal epithelium, apparently normal epithelium adjacent to a pathological lesion, dysplastic epithelium, carcinoma-in-situ, and adjoining stroma. The numbers of cases studied were: normal healthy controls (53); patients with dysplasias (34) and patients with carcinoma-in-situ (29).

Protein thiols in normal and neoplastic human uterine cervix.

Protein-thiol groups that react with dihydroxydinaphthyl disulphide during a 7 h incubation (so-called reactive protein thiols, PSHr) have been quantitatively measured on sections of human uterine cervix by microcytospectrophotometry. Measurements were made on areas (1 micron 2) of epithelium and adjoining stroma in samples of normal cervix, and in samples obtained from patients with dysplasia, carcinoma-in-situ and invasive cancer. The ratio of PSHr in epithelium to stroma is substantially reduced in the pathological conditions compared with normal and in apparently normal adjacent areas.

[Neural proliferation as a concomitant finding in neoplasias and benign ectopias of the uterine cervix].

Histological examinations of the uterine cervix showed neural proliferations structurally resembling microscopically small neuromas, neurofibromas and vascular neurofibromatoses. They were found regularly (83%) with existing epithelial neoplasias, and much less frequently (in 7 of 14 cases) with glandular ectopias with focally developed benign metaplastic squamous epithelium. These pictures were not found in normal cases with unchanged cylindrical epithelium in the cervical canal and unchanged squamous epithelium on the endocervix.

Histogenesis of spontaneous regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias.

It is justifiable to assume that a spontaneous regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is in progress when pathologic epithelium is replaced by normal epithelium. Very rare histologic pictures of this process are shown. Dysplastic squamous epithelium or intraepithelial carcinomas become detached from their bases and are pushed up by replacement tissue in the form of normal squamous or columnar epithelium.

[Colposcopic findings and their histologic correlates].

An evaluation was made of 457 colposcopically guided punch biopsies from patients with suspicious areas in the ectocervical mucous membrane showing leukoplakia, punctations , mosaic structures or atypical transformation zones. Intraepithelial cervical neoplasias could be demonstrated histologically in 56 cases (12.3%).

[Corresponding behaviour of the epithelium and stroma of the cervix uteri].

Different types of epithelium in the human cervix are regularly found within circumscribed areas and obviously respect predetermined borderlines. The determination theory may explain these findings and could in consequence lead to the hypotheses of stromal regulation of the epithelium. Corresponding morphological changes of epithelium and associated stroma are evaluated as another relevant aspect.

[Possibilities and limits of the quantitative demonstration of protein thiols with the DDD-reagent in cells of cervical epithelium (author's transl)].

From six patients, all with invasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri, two groups fo smear preparations, each consisting of eight samples, were taken: The first, group A, before and the second, group B, after mechanical removal of the discharge which was present in abundant quantities. All samples were treated for 24 h with DDD to reach the fast-reaching SH-groups, coupled with Fast Blue B and measured cytophotometrically at 560 nm. Without any exception, the neoplastic cells of group A showed significantly lower extinction values both of the nucleus and of the total cell, if compared to group B.

[Combined use of colposcopy and cytology].

The widespread view of the nearly absolute accuracy of cervical cytology in the diagnosis of severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and small invasive carcinoma is not correct. The rate of cytologically missed cases computed from the first smear only is more than 10%. Using cytology and colposcopy simultaneously in each single case, the errors of one method will be greatly compensated by the other.

[Quantification of proteinthiols in morphologically normal basal cells and pathological squamous cells of the cervix uteri].

Smears taken from eight probands with carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri have been stained with DDD and Fast Blue B. The extinctions microspectrometrically measured at 560 nm are directly proportional to the quantity of protein-SH-groups. The extinctions of the total cell (Eges) and of the cell nucleus (EK) are measured in 67 basal cells (BAS), 78 dysplatic cells (DYS), 122 undifferentiated cancer cells (UNIF) and 89 differentiated cancer cells (POLY).

Quantification of protein thiols in morphologically intact cells of the cervical epithelium. II. Effects of cell differentiation.

Protein-SH-groups (PSH) were determined quantitatively in basal (B), parabasal (P), intermediary (I) and superficial (S) cells of normal portio epithelium in order to obtain information about the correlation between PSH and cell differentiation. It was found that total PSH increase from B to S by 67 per cent, the main step occuring from B to P. Nuclear PSH drop continuously from B to S by 80 per cent.

Microphotometrical quantification of protein thiols in morphologically intact cells of the cervical epithelium. I. Basic results with superficial cells of healthy women.

The investigations are based on Esterbauer's results according to which the staining of protein thiols (PSH) with DDD-Fast Blue B (Barrnett and Seligman) is of a quantitative order. Consequently, the PSH of the nucleus and the cytoplasm of superficial cells of the ectocervical epithelium of healthy women are determined to 0.3 and 4.

[Centralized and decentralized organization of cervical cytodiagnostics (author's transl)].

Results of cervical cytodiagnostics with centralized and decentralized forms of organization are compared. In particular, the author deals with the respective share of non-judgeable smears, the cytological diagnostic reliability with histologically proved malignant and premalignant cervical lesions, the respective share of pathological cell-pictures with a negative histological finding, as well with the differential-diagnostic reliability. By the simultaneous application of colposcopy cytologically wrongly negative findings are recognized or corrected at the centralized working style.