Structural atrophy of the right superior frontal gyrus in adolescents with severe irritability.

Severe irritability is common in youths with psychiatric disorders and results in significant dysfunction across domains (academic, social, and familial). Prior structural MRI studies in the pediatric population demonstrated that aberrations of cortical thickness (CT) and gray matter volume (GMV) in the fronto-striatal-temporal regions which have been associated with irritability. However, the directions of the correlations between structural alteration and irritability in the individual indices were not consistent.

The role of endocannabinoid pathway in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease: Can the inhibitors of MAGL and FAAH prove to be potential therapeutic targets against the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease?

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive decline of cognitive function in combination with neuronal death. Current approved treatment target single dysregulated pathway instead of multiple mechanism, resulting in lack of efficacy in slowing down disease progression. The proclivity of endocannabinoid system to exert neuroprotective action and mitigate symptoms of neurodegeneration condition has received substantial interest.

Quantum processor-inspired machine learning in the biomedical sciences.

Recent advances in high-throughput genomic technologies coupled with exponential increases in computer processing and memory have allowed us to interrogate the complex molecular underpinnings of human disease from a genome-wide perspective. While the deluge of genomic information is expected to increase, a bottleneck in conventional high-performance computing is rapidly approaching. Inspired by recent advances in physical quantum processors, we evaluated several unconventional machine-learning (ML) strategies on actual human tumor data, namely "Ising-type" methods, whose objective function is formulated identical to simulated annealing and quantum annealing.

Blue-Light Therapy Strengthens Resting-State Effective Connectivity within Default-Mode Network after Mild TBI.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that post concussive symptoms, including mood changes, may be improved through morning blue-wavelength light therapy (BLT). However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. We hypothesize that BLT may influence the effective brain connectivity (EC) patterns within the default-mode network (DMN), particularly involving the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), which may contribute to improvements in mood.

Structure of human factor VIIa-soluble tissue factor with calcium, magnesium and rubidium.

Coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa) consists of a γ-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) domain, two epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) domains and a protease domain. FVIIa binds three Mg ions and four Ca ions in the GLA domain, one Ca ion in the EGF1 domain and one Ca ion in the protease domain. Further, FVIIa contains an Na site in the protease domain.

Chemical Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Phytoconstituents from .

C.B Clarke (Gentianaceae) is a well-reported plant in the traditional system of medicine. The present study was intended to isolate the phytoconstituents from the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of ; and evaluate for in vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibition activity, in vivo anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activity.

An improved in vitro model for studying the structural and functional properties of the endothelial glycocalyx in arteries, capillaries and veins.

The endothelial glycocalyx is a dynamic structure integral to blood vessel hemodynamics and capable of tightly regulating a range of biological processes (ie, innate immunity, inflammation, and coagulation) through dynamic changes in its composition of the brush structure. Evaluating the specific roles of the endothelial glycocalyx under a range of pathophysiologic conditions has been a challenge in vitro as it is difficult to generate functional glycocalyces using commonly employed 2D cell culture models. We present a new multi-height microfluidic platform that promotes the growth of functional glycocalyces by eliciting unique shear stress forces over a continuous human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayer at magnitudes that recapitulate the physical environment in arterial, capillary and venous regions of the vasculature.

Reduced neural responsiveness to looming stimuli is associated with increased aggression.

While neuro-cognitive work examining aggression has examined patients with conditions at increased risk for aggression or individuals self-reporting past aggression, little work has attempted to identify neuro-cognitive markers associated with observed/recorded aggression. The goal of the current study was to determine the extent to which aggression by youth in the first three months of residential care was associated with atypical responsiveness to threat stimuli. This functional MRI study involved 98 (68 male; mean age = 15.

Evaluation of antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity of Linn. leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic action of leaf extract of Linn in rats. Diabetes was induced in the rats by a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg) and randomly divided into 7 groups. Animals were treated with low (250 mg/kg) and high (500 mg/kg) doses of ethyl acetate leaf extract (EALE) and hydro-alcoholic leaf extract (HALE) up to 21 days.

Identification of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Compounds from Food Using QSAR-Based Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Analysis.

Due to the genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, the present work endeavored to derive a balanced Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) model, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies to identify novel molecules having inhibitory potential against the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. The QSAR analysis developed on multivariate GA-MLR (Genetic Algorithm-Multilinear Regression) model with acceptable statistical performance (R = 0.898, Qloo = 0.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis Not Attributable to Status Epilepticus in First 24 Hours.

Background: Status epilepticus (SE) has traditionally been thought to cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis. However, attributing CSF pleocytosis solely to SE without addressing the underlying etiology may lead to poor outcomes. Leukocyte recruitment to CSF has been shown to peak around 24 hours after prolonged seizures in animal studies, suggesting that CSF pleocytosis within the first 24 hours of SE onset may be due to underlying causes.

Deworming women of reproductive age during adolescence and pregnancy: what is the impact on morbidity from soil-transmitted helminths infection?

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are a major cause of poor health in low- and middle-income countries. In particular, hookworm is known to cause anaemia in children and women of reproductive age (WRA). One goal of the World Health Organization's (WHO) 2030 roadmap for neglected tropical diseases is to reduce STH-related morbidity in WRA.

Consensus on Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabesity (CoMeND) in Adults: A South Asian Perspective.

Diabetes and obesity are both increasing at a fast pace and giving rise to a new epidemic called diabesity. Lifestyle interventions including diet play a major role in the treatment of diabetes, obesity and diabesity. There are many guidelines on dietary management of diabetes or obesity globally and also from South Asia.

Design, synthesis, modelling studies and biological evaluation of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potent anticancer agents targeting thymidine phosphorylase enzyme.

A series of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives with substituted phenyl ring were designed and synthesized with an objective of discovering newer anti-cancer agents targeting thymidine phosphorylase enzyme (TP). The 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized by simple and convenient methods in the lab. Chemical structure of the all the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, H NMR and mass spectral methods and evaluated for cytotoxicity by MTT method against two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231).

Exposure to Blue Wavelength Light Is Associated With Increases in Bidirectional Amygdala-DLPFC Connectivity at Rest.

Blue wavelength light has been used successfully as a treatment method for certain mood disorders, but, the underlying mechanisms behind the mood enhancing effects of light remain poorly understood. We investigated the effects of a single dose of 30 min of blue wavelength light ( = 17) vs. amber wavelength light ( = 12) exposure in a sample of healthy adults on subsequent resting-state functional and directed connectivity, and associations with changes in state affect.

Career Research Productivity Correlates With Medical School Ranking Among Cardiothoracic Surgeons.

Background: The foundation for a successful academic surgical career begins in medical school. We examined whether attending a top-ranked medical school is correlated with enhanced research productivity and faster career advancement among academic cardiothoracic (CT) surgeons.

Materials And Methods: Research profiles and professional histories were obtained from publicly available sources for all CT surgery faculty at accredited US CT surgery teaching hospitals in 2018 (n = 992).

Temporal and geospatial variations among the interventional radiology physician workforce in the United States.

Objective: To analyze the temporal trends and state-wide geospatial variations in Vascular and Interventional Radiology (VIR) workforce in the United States.

Methods: The State Physician Workforce Data from the AAMC website was accessed for years 2015, 2017, and 2019. The variables collected for each state included total number of active physicians, total number of physicians per specialty and total number of female physicians in VIR.

Individual associations of adolescent alcohol use disorder versus cannabis use disorder symptoms in neural prediction error signaling and the response to novelty.

Two of the most commonly used illegal substances by adolescents are alcohol and cannabis. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) are associated with poorer decision-making in adolescents. In adolescents, level of AUD symptomatology has been negatively associated with striatal reward responsivity.

Afforestation, reforestation and new challenges from COVID-19: Thirty-three recommendations to support civil society organizations (CSOs).

Afforestation/reforestation (A/R) programs spearheaded by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) play a significant role in reaching global climate policy targets and helping low-income nations meet the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, these organizations face unprecedented challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, these challenges affect their ability to address issues associated with deforestation and forest degradation in a timely manner.

Reduced neural differentiation of rewards and punishment during passive avoidance learning in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder.

Background: It has been proposed that individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) show dysfunctional computations related to approach-avoidance decision-making. However, few studies have examined the neural basis of this impairment, particularly in adolescents with GAD. The goal of the current study was to address this gap in the literature.

Alcohol Use Disorder and Cannabis Use Disorder Symptomatology in Adolescents and Aggression: Associations With Recruitment of Neural Regions Implicated in Retaliation.

Background: Alcohol and cannabis are commonly used by adolescents in the United States. Both alcohol use disorder (AUD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) have been associated with an increased risk of aggression. One form of aggression seen during retaliation is reactive aggression to social provocation.

Recurrent variant c.1680C>A in FAM20C gene and genotype-phenotype correlation in a patient with Raine syndrome: a case report.

Background: Bi-allelic mutations in FAM20C gene are known to cause a rare genetic disorder- Raine syndrome (RS). The FAM20C protein binds calcium and phosphorylates proteins involved in biomineralization of bones and teeth. RS is recognized as an osteosclerotic bone dysplasia.