Small-molecule BTK inhibitors: From discovery to clinical application.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors constitute a promising category of small molecules for the therapy of diverse B-cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders. This review examines the journey of BTK inhibitors from their discovery to clinical development, highlighting key milestones in their design, mechanism of action, and progression through preclinical and clinical stages. Initially identified through high-throughput screening of compound libraries, early BTK inhibitors were optimized for selectivity and potency.

New FDA drug approvals for 2024: Synthesis and clinical application.

In 2024, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a range of new drugs, including both 32 new chemical entities (NCEs) and 18 biological entities (NBEs).

Diagnostic and prognostic significance of miR-451a in patients with atherosclerosis.

Objectives: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease. This study aimed to detect the expression level of miR-451a and investigate the diagnostic and prognostic values of miR-451a for AS patients.

Methods: The relative expression of miR-451a was assessed by qRT-PCR.

Association of miR-192-5p with Atherosclerosis and its Effect on Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

To evaluate the diagnostic significance of serum miR-192-5p for atherosclerosis (AS) and explore the effect of miR-192-5p on cell proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The expression level of serum miR-192-5p was measured by qRT-PCR. Correlations of miR-192-5p with CRP and CIMT were evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient.