Recognition of a Fungal Effector Potentiates Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-Triggered Immunity in Cotton.

Plants are equipped with multi-layered immune systems that recognize pathogen-derived elicitors to activate immunity. Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne fungus that infects a broad range of plants and causes devastating wilt disease. The mechanisms underlying immune recognition between plants and V.

A Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Regulates the Defense Response in .

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), which is caused by ' Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas), is one of the most destructive citrus diseases worldwide, and defense-related gene resources remain largely unexplored. Calcium signaling plays an important role in diverse biological processes. In plants, a few calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs) have been shown to contribute to defense against pathogenic microbes.

How users make judgements about the quality of online health information: a cross-sectional survey study.

Background: People increasingly use the Internet to seek health information. However, the overall quality of online health information remains low. This situation is exacerbated by the unprecedented "infodemic", which has had negative consequences for patients.

Student Reflections on Shared Trauma: One Year Later.

In March of 2021, as the world marked the first anniversary since COVID-19 altered our reality, graduate social work students in Dr. Carol Tosone's Evidence-Based Trauma class at NYU considered the challenges of learning about trauma treatment while simultaneously living through a global trauma. Students reflected on their home lives, school experiences, field placements, mental health challenges, feelings of burnout, and the added complexities of racial disparities and injustices.

Advanced Driving Assistance Based on the Fusion of Infrared and Visible Images.

Obtaining key and rich visual information under sophisticated road conditions is one of the key requirements for advanced driving assistance. In this paper, a newfangled end-to-end model is proposed for advanced driving assistance based on the fusion of infrared and visible images, termed as FusionADA. In our model, we are committed to extracting and fusing the optimal texture details and salient thermal targets from the source images.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of 3-amide-5-aryl benzoic acid derivatives as novel P2YR antagonists with potential high efficiency against acute gouty arthritis.

P2Y nucleotide receptor plays important roles in series of physiological and pathologic events especially associated with immune and inflammation. Based on the 3-amide benzoic acid scaffold reported by our group previously, a series of 5-aryl-3-amide benzoic acid derivatives were designed as novel P2Y antagonists with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Among which compound 11m showed most potent P2Y antagonizing activity with an IC value of 2.

Regulation of Female Germline Specification via Small RNA Mobility in Arabidopsis.

In the ovules of most sexually reproducing plants, one hypodermal cell differentiates into a megaspore mother cell (MMC), which gives rise to the female germline. -acting small interfering RNAs known as tasiR-ARFs have been suggested to act non-cell-autonomously to prevent the formation of multiple MMCs by repressing () expression in Arabidopsis (), but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we examined tasiR-ARF-related intercellular regulatory mechanisms.

Protective effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang against A-induced memory deficits and oxidative stress in rats.

Objective: Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT), a traditional Chinese medicine, improves cognitive ability in rat models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of HLJDT on learning and memory impairment that are caused by Aβ.

Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: control (water), Aβ, donepezil hydrochloride 1.

Effectiveness of Yi-Zhi-An-Shen granules on cognition and sleep quality in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a syndrome characterized by significant forgetfulness that does not meet the criteria of dementia. Individuals with aMCI are at greater risk of progressing to dementia. Current studies suggest that good sleep quality is linked with preserved cognition in the elderly, and sleep complaints are common among the elderly with amnesia.

Design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of 3-amide benzoic acid derivatives as novel P2Y receptor antagonists.

The P2Y receptor (P2YR) plays a key role in the modulation of inflammatory process, but very few classes of antagonists have been reported. A series of 3-amide benzoic acid derivatives were identified as novel and potent P2YR antagonists. The most potent antagonist, 16c, showed comparable activity (IC = 1.

Reduction-responsive PEtOz-SS-PCL micelle with tailored size to overcome blood-brain barrier and enhance doxorubicin antiglioma effect.

A series of novel reduction-responsive micelles with tailored size were designed and prepared to release doxorubicin (DOX) for treating glioma, which were developed based on amphiphilic block copolymer poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly (ε-caprolactone) (PEtOz-SS-PCL) and the micelle size could be regulated by designing the polymer structure. The DOX-loaded PEtOz-SS-PCL micelles had small size and rapid drug release in reductive intracellular environments. Biodistribution and in vivo imaging studies in C6 glioma mice tumor model showed that DOX loaded PEtOz-SS-PCL43 micelles with the smallest size had superior accumulation and fast drug release in tumor sites.

Hypoxia-responsive ionizable liposome delivery siRNA for glioma therapy.

Here, we report the hypoxia-responsive ionizable liposomes to deliver small interference RNA (siRNA) anticancer drugs, which can selectively enhance cellular uptake of the siRNA under hypoxic and low-pH conditions to cure glioma. For this purpose, malate dehydrogenase lipid molecules were synthesized, which contain nitroimidazole groups that impart hypoxia sensitivity and specificity as hydrophobic tails, and tertiary amines as hydrophilic head groups. These malate dehydrogenase molecules, together with DSPE-PEG2000 and cholesterol, were self-assembled into O',O-(3-(dimethylamino)propane-1,2-diyl) 16-bis(2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl) di(hexadecanedioate) liposomes (MLP) to encapsulate siRNA through electrostatic interaction.

Development of a hypoxia-triggered and hypoxic radiosensitized liposome as a doxorubicin carrier to promote synergetic chemo-/radio-therapy for glioma.

The treatment of malignant primary brain tumors is challenging. Concomitant radiochemotherapy has become the standard clinical treatment for malignant glioma, but there are two critical challenges to overcome in order to increase efficacy. First, glioma is known to have increased resistant to radiation due to its intra-tumoral hypoxia.