Depression, anxiety, stress symptoms and their determinants among secondary students with vision impairment in rural Northwestern China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The measures implemented to control the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could affect children's mental and vision health. Youth particularly from minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds were more likely to be impacted by these measures. This study aimed to examine the mental health of children with vision impairment and associated factors in North-western China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of Vision Impairment and Ocular Morbidity and Their Treatment on Quality of Life in Children: A Systematic Review.

Topic: This review summarizes existing evidence of the impact of vision impairment and ocular morbidity and their treatment on children's quality of life (QoL).

Clinical Relevance: Myopia and strabismus are associated with reduced QoL among children. Surgical treatment of strabismus significantly improves affected children's QoL.

Willingness to pay for diabetic retinopathy screening in Qujiang District, rural Guangdong, southern China: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine willingness to pay for a diabetic retinopathy screening, and its determinants, among people with diabetes mellitus in Qujiang District of Shaoguan City, rural Guangdong, southern China.

Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted through a large-scale screening programme in 2019. We randomly selected 575 (21.

Impact of Vision Impairment and Ocular Morbidity and Their Treatment on Depression and Anxiety in Children: A Systematic Review.

Topic: This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes existing evidence to establish whether vision impairment, ocular morbidity, and their treatment are associated with depression and anxiety in children.

Clinical Relevance: Understanding and quantifying these associations support early detection and management of mental health symptoms in children with vision impairment and ocular morbidity. Additionally, this review provides evidence in favor of insurance coverage for timely strabismus surgery.

Outreach screening to address demographic and economic barriers to diabetic retinopathy care in rural China.

Importance: Poor access to existing care for diabetic retinopathy (DR) limits effectiveness of proven treatments.

Objectives: We examined whether outreach screening in rural China improves equity of access.

Design, Setting And Participants: We compared prevalence of female sex, age > = 65 years, primary education or below, and requiring referral care for DR between three cohorts with diabetes examined for DR in neighboring areas of Guangdong, China: passive case detection at secondary-level hospitals (n = 193); persons screened during primary-level DR outreach (n = 182); and individuals with newly- or previously-diagnosed diabetes in a population survey (n = 579).

The prevalence and correlates of vision impairment and glasses ownership among ethnic minority and Han schoolchildren in rural China.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of visual impairment and glasses ownership among Han Chinese and Hui minority junior high school children in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods: Vision screening was conducted on 20,376 children (age 12-15 years) in all 124 rural junior high schools in Ningxia.

Validation of handheld fundus camera with mydriasis for retinal imaging of diabetic retinopathy screening in China: a prospective comparison study.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical validity of using a handheld fundus camera to detect diabetic retinopathy (DR) in China.

Design And Settings: Prospective comparison study of the handheld fundus camera with a standard validated instrument in detection of DR in hospital and a community screening clinic in Guangdong Province, China.

Participants: Participants aged 18 years and over with diabetes who were able to provide informed consent and agreed to attend the dilated eye examination with handheld tests and a standard desktop camera.

Knowledge, attitudes and eye health-seeking behaviours in a population-based sample of people with diabetes in rural China.

Aims: To assess knowledge of diabetes and acceptance of eye care among people with diabetes in rural China, to improve service uptake.

Methods: Population-based study of people in Guangdong, China, with glycosylated haemoglobin A1c≥6.5% and/or known history of diabetes.

Field-testing of a rapid survey method to assess the prevalence and causes of hearing loss in Gao'an, Jiangxi province, China.

Background: The Rapid Assessment of Hearing Loss (RAHL) survey protocol aims to measure the prevalence and causes of hearing loss in a low cost and rapid manner, to inform planning of ear and hearing services. This paper reports on the first field-test of the RAHL in Gao'an County, Jiangxi Province, China. This study aimed to 1) To report on the feasibility of RAHL; 2) report on the estimated prevalence and causes of hearing loss in Gao'an.

Prevalence and service assessment of cataract in Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province, China: population-based study.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) and blindness (BL) due to cataract and cataract surgical outcomes in remote dispersed and high-altitude Tibetan areas of China.

Design And Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted among people aged 50 and above in Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Kandze (TAPK), China, in 2017. The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness protocol was followed.

A Randomized Noninferiority Trial of Wearing Adjustable Glasses versus Standard and Ready-made Spectacles among Chinese Schoolchildren: Wearability and Evaluation of Adjustable Refraction III.

Purpose: To compare wear of standard, adjustable, and ready-made glasses among children.

Design: Randomized, controlled, open-label, noninferiority trial.

Participants: Students aged 11 to 16 years with presenting visual acuity (VA) ≤6/12 in both eyes, correctable to ≥6/7.

Prevalence and causes of childhood blindness in Huidong County, South China, primary ascertained by the key informants.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to ascertain the prevalence and causes of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment (BL/SVI) in Huidong, South China.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in early 2017 in areas of 139 816 children at the age of 0-15 as the study subjects. We used the trained key informants (KIs) to do preliminary visual test in the communities and refer those children suspected with blindness or unable to count fingers with both eyes at 5 m to hospital for further examination by paediatric ophthalmologist for causes.

Blindness and eye disease in a Tibetan region of China: findings from a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness survey.

Introduction: The only population-based survey of blindness and visual impairment of a Tibetan population was conducted in the Tibet Autonomous Region in 1999.

Methods And Analysis: The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness methodology was used to conduct a survey of Kandze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province of China in the Fall 2017. Using the 2010 census, 100 clusters of 50 participants aged 50 years or older were randomly sampled using probability proportionate to size.

Teachers' influence on purchase and wear of children's glasses in rural China: The PRICE study.

Importance: Uncorrected refractive error causes 90% of poor vision among Chinese children.

Background: Little is known about teachers' influence on children's glasses wear.

Design: Cohort study.

A Mobile Phone Informational Reminder to Improve Eye Care Adherence Among Diabetic Patients in Rural China: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To determine whether short message service (SMS) reminders improve adherence to scheduled ocular examinations among patients with diabetes in rural China.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Methods: This study enrolled consecutive patients with diabetes scheduled for eye examinations at 5 hospitals in low-income areas of Guangdong, China from March 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016.

Prevalence and causes of blindness, visual impairment among different ethnical minority groups in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, China.

Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to ascertain the prevalence and causes of blindness, visual impairment, uptake of cataract surgery among different ethnic groups in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Methods: Four thousand one hundred fifty people at 50 years and above from different minority ethnic groups were randomly selected for an eye examination. The four trained eye teams collected data using tumbling E visual chart, torch, portable slit lamp and direct ophthalmoscope in 2015.

Cluster-randomized controlled trial of the effects of free glasses on purchase of children's glasses in China: The PRICE (Potentiating Rural Investment in Children's Eyecare) study.

Background: Offering free glasses can be important to increase children's wear. We sought to assess whether "Upgrade glasses" could avoid reduced glasses sales when offering free glasses to children in China.

Methods: In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial, children with uncorrected visual acuity (VA)< = 6/12 in either eye correctable to >6/12 in both eyes at 138 randomly-selected primary schools in 9 counties in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China, were randomized by school to one of four groups: glasses prescription only (Control); Free Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $15 Upgrade Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $30 Upgrade Glasses.

Content Design and System Implementation of a Teleophthalmology System for Eye Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Its Preliminary Practice in Guangdong, China.

Background: We have developed a new telemedicine system for comprehensive eye examination, diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening, and eye disease diagnosis and treatment. The novel points of the system include a tablet application for facilitating doctor's examination and diagnosis process, a comprehensive eye examination component, and integrated treatment planning and recording.

Methods: The system provided a new service model through one ophthalmological center linking with multiple remote and rural hospitals for eye care in Guangdong province, China.

The Impact of Multimedia Education on Uptake of Comprehensive Eye Examinations in Rural China: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To study the effect of multimedia education on acceptance of comprehensive eye examinations (CEEs), critical for detecting glaucoma and diabetic eye disease, among rural Chinese patients using a randomized, controlled design.

Methods: Patients aged ≥40 years were recruited from 52 routine clinic sessions (26 intervention, 26 control) conducted at seven rural hospitals in Guangdong, China. Subjects answered demographic questionnaires, were tested on knowledge about CEEs and chronic eye disease, and were told the cost of examination (range US$0-8).

Cataract surgical outcomes from a large-scale micro-surgical campaign in China.

Purpose: To assess cataract surgical outcomes during the Jiangxi Provincial Government's "Brightness and Smile Initiative" (BSI) in South East China during May 2009 to July 2010.

Method: This cross sectional combined with retrospective study included 1157 cataract surgical patients (1254 eyes) recruited from six counties in Jiangxi during the initiative. Patient information before surgery and at discharge was obtained from hospitals' case records.

Using key informant method to assess the prevalence and causes of childhood blindness in Xiu'shui County, Jiangxi Province, Southeast China.

Background: Although childhood blindness is relatively rare, it is the leading cause of blind person years besides cataract. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence and causes of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment (BL/SVI) in southeast China.

Methods: The study took place across four administrative units in Xiu'shui County.

Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in three counties, Jiangxi Province, China.

Background: A survey was undertaken in 2007 to assess the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in people aged ≥ 50 years in three different counties in Jiangxi, South East China (Gao'an, Xin'gan and Wan'zai). The counties were purposively selected to assess the impact of established non-governmental organisation activities in two counties (Gao'an and Xin'gan) compared with a third county (Wan'zai) without such a programme.

Methods: Clusters of 50 people aged ≥ 50 years were sampled with a probability proportional to the size of the population.