Prevalence of ICU Delirium in Postoperative Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ICU delirium in children less than 18 years old that underwent cardiac surgery within the last 30 days. The secondary aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with ICU delirium in postoperative pediatric cardiac surgical patients.

Design: A 1-day, multicenter point-prevalence study of delirium in pediatric postoperative cardiac surgery patients.

Engaging adolescents in changing behaviour (EACH-B): a study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial to improve dietary quality and physical activity.

Background: Poor diet and lack of physical activity are strongly linked to non-communicable disease risk, but modifying them is challenging. There is increasing recognition that adolescence is an important time to intervene; habits formed during this period tend to last, and physical and psychological changes during adolescence make it an important time to help individuals form healthier habits. Improving adolescents' health behaviours is important not only for their own health now and in adulthood, but also for the health of any future children.

Examining Multilevel Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity Among Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis.

Three hundred and sixty-three older adults with multiple sclerosis completed a cross-sectional study examining hierarchical correlates of physical activity using a social cognitive theory perspective within a social ecological model (i.e., built environment, social environment, and individual social cognitive theory variables).

Measured weight in early pregnancy is a valid method for estimating pre-pregnancy weight.

Estimation of pre-pregnancy weight is difficult because measurements taken before pregnancy are rarely available. No studies have compared various 'proxy' measures using recalled weight or based on early pregnancy weight with actual measurements of pre-pregnancy weight. The Southampton Women's Survey recruited women during 1998-2002 who were not pregnant.

Quantum Backaction on kg-Scale Mirrors: Observation of Radiation Pressure Noise in the Advanced Virgo Detector.

The quantum radiation pressure and the quantum shot noise in laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors constitute a macroscopic manifestation of the Heisenberg inequality. If quantum shot noise can be easily observed, the observation of quantum radiation pressure noise has been elusive, so far, due to the technical noise competing with quantum effects. Here, we discuss the evidence of quantum radiation pressure noise in the Advanced Virgo gravitational wave detector.

Targeted Engagement of the Action Selection Network during Task-Oriented Arm Training after Stroke.

Action selection (AS), or selection of an action from a set of alternatives, is an important movement preparation process that engages a frontal-parietal network. The addition of AS demands to arm training after stroke could be used to engage this motor planning process and the neural network that supports it. The purpose of this case series is to describe the feasibility and outcomes associated with task-oriented arm training aimed at engaging the AS behavioral process and the related neural network in three individuals with chronic stroke.

Modified Delphi Method Derivation of the FAMILY (Family Assessment of Medical Interventions & Liaisons with the Young) EMS Instrument.

Background: Though family satisfaction with prehospital care is a surrogate for quality and patient outcomes, there are no tools available to measure family satisfaction.

Objective: To develop the EMS Family Assessment of Medical Interventions & Liaisons with the Young (FAMILY) instrument.

Methods: Components of family experiences with pediatric prehospital care were identified with a modified Delphi method.

Rates, patterns, and correlates of fitness tracker use among older adults with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) engage in alarmingly low levels of physical activity. Fitness trackers may be a promising approach for promoting and monitoring physical activity among older adults with MS.

Objective/hypothesis: This study reports on the rates, patterns of fitness tracker use in adults with MS who are over 60 years of age.

Male swarming aggregation pheromones increase female attraction and mating success among multiple African malaria vector mosquito species.

Accumulating behavioural data indicate that aggregation pheromones may mediate the formation and maintenance of mosquito swarms. However, chemical cues possibly luring mosquitoes to swarms have not been adequately investigated, and the likely molecular incitants of these complex reproductive behaviours remain unknown. Here we show that males of the important malaria vector species Anopheles arabiensis and An.

The Inner-Workings of Collaboration in Environmental Management and Governance: A Systematic Mapping Review.

Collaboration has taken centre stage in addressing complex environmental issues and yet several voids are evident in our understanding of it. A systematic mapping review was conducted to synthesize knowledge about the inner workings of collaboration (qualities, outcomes, and their relationship(s)) in environmental management and governance scholarship. Eighty-five scholarly works were included in the review and the analysis revealed 27 qualities, 20 outcomes, and 104 relationships.

Characterization of a Novel Compound That Stimulates STING-Mediated Innate Immune Activity in an Allele-Specific Manner.

The innate immune response to cytosolic DNA involves transcriptional activation of type I interferons (IFN-I) and proinflammatory cytokines. This represents the culmination of intracellular signaling pathways that are initiated by pattern recognition receptors that engage DNA and require the adaptor protein Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). These responses lead to the generation of cellular and tissue states that impair microbial replication and facilitate the establishment of long-lived, antigen-specific adaptive immunity.

Behaviour change interventions: getting in touch with individual differences, values and emotions.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggest that behaviour change interventions have modest effect sizes, struggle to demonstrate effect in the long term and that there is high heterogeneity between studies. Such interventions take huge effort to design and run for relatively small returns in terms of changes to behaviour.So why do behaviour change interventions not work and how can we make them more effective? This article offers some ideas about what may underpin the failure of behaviour change interventions.

A critical review of diet-related surveys in England, 1970-2018.

Background: Many diet-related surveys have been conducted in England over the past four to five decades. Yet, diet-related ill-health is estimated to cost the NHS £5.8 billion annually.

Effect of Standing on a Standardized Measure of Upper Extremity Function.

Although many daily activities that require the upper extremity are performed in standing, arm motor function is generally measured in sitting. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of standing on a measure of upper extremity function, the Jebsen Hand Function Test (JHFT). Twelve nondisabled adults (26.

The Challenges of Putting Systems Thinking into Practice Comment on "What Can Policy-Makers Get Out of Systems Thinking? Policy Partners' Experiences of a Systems-Focused Research Collaboration in Preventive Health".

In theory, 'systems thinking' offers a remarkably attractive solution to the persistent challenges of preventive public health. Haynes and colleagues' recent analysis of the Prevention Centre in Australia offers reason for optimism that it might be possible to translate this promise into action on the ground. In this commentary, we critically assess the claims from this promising case study and their broader applicability to the cause of preventive health.

Addressing Healthcare Professional Burnout: A Quality Improvement Intervention.

Background: Burnout is a substantial phenomenon across healthcare settings, affecting more than half of healthcare professionals and leading to negative patient and health system outcomes. Infusion center professionals (ICPs) are at increased risk of burnout attributed to high patient volume and acuity levels. Strategies to address burnout have been developed and prioritized by the American Medical Association (AMA), the World Health Organization, and other organizations.

Ultrasound-guided placement of peripherally inserted intravenous catheters increase catheter dwell time in children.

Objective: To compare the dwell times of ultrasound-guided and non-ultrasound-guided short peripheral intravenous catheters in hospitalized children.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data from 256 ultrasound-guided and 287 traditional peripheral intravenous catheters placed in hospitalized children between 1 September2016 and 31 October 2016 at a free-standing children's hospital with a 10-member vascular access team. A two-sample independent test and Kaplan-Meier estimator were used to assess differences in dwell times between the ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheters and non-ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheters.

Feasibility of "Sit Less, Move More": An intervention for reducing sedentary behavior Among African Americans with MS.

Background: Sedentary behavior is a major concern in multiple sclerosis, as it may accelerate disease progression and physical disability. This is especially concerning in African Americans, who present with greater neurological disability than Caucasians.

Objective: We conducted a feasibility trial on an intervention targeting sedentary behavior in African Americans with multiple sclerosis.

A systematic review of the influences of food store product placement on dietary-related outcomes.

Context: Product placement strategies have been used to influence customers' food purchases in food stores for some time; however, assessment of the evidence that these techniques can limit unhealthy, and promote healthy, food choices has not been completed.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to determine how product placement strategies, availability, and positioning, in physical retail food stores located in high-income countries, influence dietary-related behaviors.

Data Sources: From a search of 9 databases, 38 articles, 17 observational studies, and 22 intervention studies met the study inclusion criteria.

Systematic Review on Exercise Training as a Neuroplasticity-Inducing Behavior in Multiple Sclerosis.

. Exercise training is associated with functional improvements in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), perhaps based on neuroplasticity. However, inferences regarding neuroplasticity require observations of exercise-related changes in the central nervous system that explain functional adaptations.

Efficacy of a Spatial Repellent for Control of Malaria in Indonesia: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

A cluster-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to estimate the protective efficacy (PE) of a spatial repellent (SR) against malaria infection in Sumba, Indonesia. Following radical cure in 1,341 children aged ≥ 6 months to ≤ 5 years in 24 clusters, households were given transfluthrin or placebo passive emanators (devices designed to release vaporized chemical). Monthly blood screening and biweekly human-landing mosquito catches were performed during a 10-month baseline (June 2015-March 2016) and a 24-month intervention period (April 2016-April 2018).

Boarding is Associated with Reduced Emergency Department Efficiency that is not Mitigated by a Provider in Triage.

Introduction: Boarding of patients in the emergency department (ED) is associated with decreased ED efficiency. The provider-in-triage (PIT) model has been shown to improve ED throughput, but it is unclear how these improvements are affected by boarding. We sought to assess the effects of boarding on ED throughput and whether implementation of a PIT model mitigated those effects.