Of Mice and Mates: Automated Classification and Modelling of Mouse Behaviour in Groups Using a Single Model Across Cages.

Unlabelled: Behavioural experiments often happen in specialised arenas, but this may confound the analysis. To address this issue, we provide tools to study mice in the home-cage environment, equipping biologists with the possibility to capture the temporal aspect of the individual's behaviour and model the interaction and interdependence between cage-mates with minimal human intervention. Our main contribution is the novel Global Behaviour Model (GBM) which summarises the joint behaviour of groups of mice across cages, using a permutation matrix to match the mouse identities in each cage to the model.

A safe, novel and ingenious method for autogenous bone graft storage in spine surgery with constrained resources - operative site as the bone bank.

Background: The aim of our study is to establish whether the bone graft harvested and stored in the surgical wound by our novel technique is safe, reproducible and preserves the viability of the graft. In doing so, it promises successful bony fusion in spine and orthopaedic surgeries.

Methods: A prospective clinical case series was conducted for autogenous bone graft storage in complex spine surgeries requiring staged procedures, in resource constrained settings.

Pd/C-catalyzed regiodivergent hydrocarboxylation and esterification of alkynes.

An unprecedented and highly reactive Pd/C catalytic system has been introduced for the regiodivergent hydrocarboxylation of terminal alkynes to selectively afford various acrylic and cinnamic acids employing oxalic acid as a CO source as well as a promoter for the formation of the active Pd-H complex. Herein, the formation of cinnamic acid is proposed to follow a unique anti-Markovnikov hydroiodination mechanism and the formation of acrylic acid might follow the traditional hydrocarboxylation pathway. Additionally, internal alkynes undergo hydrocarboxylation and carbonylative esterification with aliphatic alcohols to yield different α,β-unsaturated acids and esters respectively.

A Comparative Study on Levels of hs-CRP and Lipid Profile in Prediabetic and Normal Population.

This study aimed to compare high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipid profile levels between prediabetic and normal populations and explore correlations between hs-CRP and lipid profile in prediabetic individuals. The study was conducted among Group A comprising 75 prediabetic individuals, and Group B, which included 75 non-diabetic controls from the general population. Results showed that the mean hs-CRP level in Group A (1.

Role of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury.

This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of mean platelet volume (MPV) in 50 AKI patients. Blood samples were collected according to KDIGO guidelines, and complete blood counts, including MPV, were analyzed. Significant differences in MPV were observed among patients who recovered with or without dialysis and those who expired.

Contextual barriers in effective interpersonal communication with patients: A qualitative analysis.

Purpose: Competence building in interpersonal communication (IPC) between undergraduate students and patients requires deep understanding of the factors influencing their interaction. These factors, contextual to our clinical setup were explored from multisource perspectives to understand the perceived barriers in IPC.

Method: Qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological analysis was done for patient's semi-structured interviews (n = 16); interns (n = 15) and faculty (n = 14) unstructured focus group discussions.

Apert syndrome: craniofacial challenges and clinical implications.

Apert syndrome is a rare acro-cephalo-syndactyly syndrome characterised by craniosynostosis, severe syndactyly of hands and feet, and dysmorphic facial features. It demonstrates autosomal dominant inheritance assigned to mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor gene, as a result of which signals are not received to produce necessary fibrous material necessary for normal cranial sutures. Deformities are generally cosmetic but can affect various functions such as hearing, visual abnormalities, swallowing, writing, etc, so a multidisciplinary approach is needed for their management.

Advances in the understanding and exploitation of carbohydrate-active enzymes.

Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) are responsible for the biosynthesis, modification and degradation of all glycans in Nature. Advances in genomic and metagenomic methodologies, in conjunction with lower cost gene synthesis, have provided access to a steady stream of new CAZymes with both well-established and novel mechanisms. At the same time, increasing access to cryo-EM has resulted in exciting new structures, particularly of transmembrane glycosyltransferases of various sorts.

Are there differences in the reoperation rates for operative adjacent-segment disease between ALIF+PS, PLIF+PS, TLIF+PS, and LLIF+PS? An analysis of a cohort of 5291 patients.

Objective: Biomechanical factors in lumbar fusions accelerate the development of adjacent-segment disease (ASD). Stiffness in the fused segment increases motion in the adjacent levels, resulting in ASD. The objective of this study was to determine if there are differences in the reoperation rates for symptomatic ASD (operative ASD) between anterior lumbar interbody fusion plus pedicle screws (ALIF+PS), posterior lumbar interbody fusion plus pedicle screws (PLIF+PS), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion plus pedicle screws (TLIF+PS), and lateral lumbar interbody fusion plus pedicle screws (LLIF+PS).

Dual-Stream Spatiotemporal Networks with Feature Sharing for Monitoring Animals in the Home Cage.

This paper presents a spatiotemporal deep learning approach for mouse behavioral classification in the home-cage. Using a series of dual-stream architectures with assorted modifications for optimal performance, we introduce a novel approach that jointly processes the streams at regular intervals throughout the network. The dataset in focus is an annotated, publicly available dataset of a singly-housed mouse.

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease: current management strategies.

A stroke due to underlying intracranial large artery occlusion, which is atherosclerotic in nature, is known as intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). It is important to recognize that ischaemic stroke due to ICAD differs from extracranial disease and other stroke aetiologies and requires a nuanced approach. It is a significant cause of stroke worldwide, and severe symptomatic ICAD can present challenges from a therapeutic standpoint, including recurrent ischaemic stroke despite optimal management.

Three-stage correction of severe idiopathic scoliosis with limited skeletal traction during a humanitarian surgical mission: illustrative case.

Background: Underprivileged and underserved patients from developing countries often present late with advanced, untreated spinal deformities. We report a three-stage all-posterior approach using limited skeletal traction with Gardner-Wells tongs (GWTs) for the management of severe idiopathic scoliosis during a humanitarian surgical mission trip.

Observations: A 17-year-old high-school female was previously diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (diagnosed at age 8) and progressed to a severe 135° kyphoscoliosis.

Mutation in the FUS nuclear localisation signal domain causes neurodevelopmental and systemic metabolic alterations.

Variants in the ubiquitously expressed DNA/RNA-binding protein FUS cause aggressive juvenile forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Most FUS mutation studies have focused on motor neuron degeneration; little is known about wider systemic or developmental effects. We studied pleiotropic phenotypes in a physiological knock-in mouse model carrying the pathogenic FUSDelta14 mutation in homozygosity.

Neurovascular injury from supracondylar fractures in children: a 10-year experience of 762 cases.

We evaluated the management of supracondylar paediatric fractures at our institution over a 10-year period in this retrospective cohort study. In total, 762 children with a supracondylar fracture were treated. The mean age of injury was 5.

Demographics and deprivation in obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a retrospective cohort study.

The present study analyses the relationships between deprivation and obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP). A retrospective observational study was conducted of infants with OBPP seen between 2008 and 2020 ( = 321). The index of multiple deprivation (IMD) was used to assign an IMD rank to patients based on birth postcode and the relationship with OBPP was analysed, including deprivation, gestational diabetes, age at referral and at first assessment.

Characterization of a new family of 6-sulfo-N-acetylglucosaminidases.

Sulfation is widespread in nature and plays an important role in modulating biological function. Among the strategies developed by microbes to access sulfated oligosaccharides as a nutrient source is the production of 6-sulfoGlcNAcases to selectively release 6-sulfoGlcNAc from target oligosaccharides. Thus far, all 6-sulfoGlcNAcases identified have belonged to the large GH20 family of β-hexosaminidases.

A Rare Case of Brachial Artery Aneurysm in a 9-Month-Old Infant.

An otherwise healthy 9-month-old infant was treated for a true aneurysm of the proximal brachial artery. The swelling was first noted at seven months of age. An ultrasound scan showed a 2 cm × 2 cm aneurysm of the left brachial artery at the level of the mid-upper arm.

Recycling unused medications in hospitals is financially viable and good for the environment.

Objectives: Considerable pharmaceutical waste is generated in hospital settings which can be reduced by recycling of unused medications. We sought to determine the recycling practices as well as quantify the volume and the value of oral solid medications returned from nursing units to the pharmacy departments at three urban hospitals.

Methods: Unused oral solid medications were recycled at three sites and the net financial impact of this practice was calculated (cost recovered - labour costs).

Persistent animal identification leveraging non-visual markers.

Our objective is to locate and provide a unique identifier for each mouse in a cluttered home-cage environment through time, as a precursor to automated behaviour recognition for biological research. This is a very challenging problem due to (i) the lack of distinguishing visual features for each mouse, and (ii) the close confines of the scene with constant occlusion, making standard visual tracking approaches unusable. However, a coarse estimate of each mouse's location is available from a unique RFID implant, so there is the potential to optimally combine information from (weak) tracking with coarse information on identity.

Landscape of cancer biomarker testing in England following genomic services reconfiguration: insights from a nationwide pathologist survey.

Aims: Cancer diagnostics have been evolving rapidly. In England, the new National Health Service Genomic Medicine Service (GMS) provides centralised access to genomic testing via seven regional Genomic Laboratory Hubs. The PATHways survey aimed to capture pathologists' experience with current diagnostic pathways and opportunities for optimisation to ensure equitable and timely access to biomarker testing.