TGF - β/SMAD signaling pathway and protein molecules in the treatment of liver fibrosis: A natural lipid membrane protein of exosomes.

In recent years, exosomes, as an important medium of intercellular information transmission, have received extensive attention for their potential in the treatment of liver fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of exosome natural lipid membrane proteins in the treatment of liver fibrosis, with emphasis on the regulatory mechanism through the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. Exosomes were extracted from healthy human hepatocytes and their membrane protein components were identified by mass spectrometry.

Using AuNPs-DNA Walker with Fluorophores Detects the Hepatitis Virus Rapidly.

Viral hepatitis is a systemic infectious diseases caused by various hepatitis viruses, primarily leading to liver damage. It is widely prevalent worldwide, with hepatitis viruses categorized into five types: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, based on their etiology. Currently, the detection of hepatitis viruses relies on methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoelectron microscopy to observe and identify viral particles, and in situ hybridization to detect viral DNA in tissues.

The frequency of PTEN germline mutations in Chinese breast cancer patients: The PTEN gene may not be closely associated with breast cancer in the Chinese population.

Background: PTEN is a tumour suppressor gene that has been proven to be related to breast cancer incidence and tumour progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of PTEN mutations in breast carcinomas in China and the relationships of PTEN mutations with clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcomes.

Material And Methods: Trimmomatic, Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA), ANNOVAR, SAMtools, and Sanger sequencing were used to analyse PTEN mutations and identify variants in Chinese breast cancer.

Additive Effects of the Risk Alleles of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in a Chinese Population.

Recent genome-wide association studies have identified that variants in or near PNPLA3, NCAN, GCKR, LYPLAL1, and TM6SF2 are significantly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in multiple ethnic groups. Studies on their impact on NAFLD in Han Chinese are still limited. In this study, we examined the relevance of these variants to NAFLD in a community-based Han Chinese population and further explored their potential joint effect on NAFLD.