Abnormal changes in metabolites caused by mA methylation modification: The leading factors that induce the formation of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and their promising potential for clinical application.

Background: N6-methyladenosine (mA) RNA methylation modifications have been widely implicated in the metabolic reprogramming of various cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are essential for meeting the demands of cellular growth and maintaining tissue homeostasis, enabling cells to adapt to the specific conditions of the TME. An increasing number of research studies have focused on the role of mA modifications in glucose, amino acid and lipid metabolism, revealing their capacity to induce aberrant changes in metabolite levels. These changes may in turn trigger oncogenic signaling pathways, leading to substantial alterations within the TME.

Demethylases in tumors and the tumor microenvironment: Key modifiers of N-methyladenosine methylation.

RNA methylation modifications are widespread in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, with N-methyladenosine (mA) the most common among them. Demethylases, including Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) and AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), are important in maintaining the balance between RNA methylation and demethylation. Recent studies have clearly shown that demethylases affect the biological functions of tumors by regulating their mA levels.

Two horizontally acquired bacterial genes steer the exceptionally efficient and flexible nitrogenous waste cycling in whiteflies.

Nitrogen is an essential element for all life on earth. Nitrogen metabolism, including excretion, is essential for growth, development, and survival of plants and animals alike. Several nitrogen metabolic processes have been described, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear.

Multi-omics association analysis reveals interactions between the oropharyngeal microbiome and the metabolome in pediatric patients with influenza A virus pneumonia.

Children are at high risk for influenza A virus (IAV) infections, which can develop into severe illnesses. However, little is known about interactions between the microbiome and respiratory tract metabolites and their impact on the development of IAV pneumonia in children. Using a combination of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed the composition and metabolic profile of the oropharyngeal microbiota in 49 pediatric patients with IAV pneumonia and 42 age-matched healthy children.

Sulfoxaflor Alters Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Preference, Feeding, and TYLCV Transmission.

Many damaging agricultural pests can, in addition to their direct feeding damage, acquire and transmit plant pathogens. Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is considered a 'supervector' of disease-causing plant pathogens and viruses. One of the most damaging of these is Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a circulatively transmitted begomovirus than can extensively damage field and greenhouse crops.

Effect of Cardinium Infection on the Probing Behavior of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) MED.

Facultative endosymbionts can affect the growth, physiology, and behavior of their arthropod hosts. There are several endosymbionts in the invasive whitefly Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED, Q biotype) that influence host fitness by altering stylet probing behavior. We investigated the probing behavior of B.

Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Flupyradifurone on Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Feeding Behavior and TYLCV Transmission in Tomato.

Pesticides primarily affect target organisms via direct toxicity, but may also alter the feeding behaviors of surviving individuals in ways that alter their effect on host plants. The latter impact is especially important when pests can transmit plant pathogens. The Mediterranean (MED) population of the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) transmits Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a pathogen that can be economically devastating in field and greenhouse cropping systems.

Annual analysis of field-evolved insecticide resistance in Bemisia tabaci across China.

Background: Over recent decades, many efficacious insecticides have been applied for control of Bemisia tabaci, one of the most notorious insect pests worldwide. Field-evolved insecticide resistance in B. tabaci has developed globally, but remains poorly understood in China.

Botanical Volatiles Selection in Mediating Electrophysiological Responses and Reproductive Behaviors for the Fall Webworm Moth .

Host-plant volatiles play vital roles for insects to locate foraging, mating, and oviposition sites in the environment. As one of the devastating invasive forestry pests, causes a great annual loss in China, and understanding its chemical ecology is an important task. The current research was done in terms of chemical analysis, electrophysiology, and behavioral assays on to assess its olfactory reception toward host-plant volatiles.

Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Infection Alters Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Vulnerability to Flupyradifurone.

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, is a major phloem-feeding pest of agricultural crops that is also an important vector of many plant diseases. The B. tabaci Mediterranean ('MED') biotype is a particularly effective vector of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a devastating plant pathogen.

Variation in both host defense and prior herbivory can alter plant-vector-virus interactions.

Background: While virus-vector-host interactions have been a major focus of both basic and applied ecological research, little is known about how different levels of plant defense interact with prior herbivory to affect these relationships. We used genetically-modified strains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) varying in the jasmonic acid (JA) plant defense pathways to explore how plant defense and prior herbivory affects a plant virus (tomato yellow leaf curl virus, 'TYLCV'), its vector (the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED), and the host.

Results: Virus-free MED preferred low-JA over high-JA plants and had lower fitness on high-JA plants.

Feeding behavior explains the different effects of cabbage on MEAM1 and MED cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci.

MEAM1 (Middle East-Asia Minor 1, "B" biotype) and MED (Mediterranean, "Q" biotype) are the two most destructive cryptic species of the Bemisia tabaci complex on the planet. Our previous studies have shown that MEAM1 outcompetes MED on cabbage; the underlying mechanism is unknown. In the Brassicaceae family, the glucosinolate-myrosinase defense system plays a crucial role in deterring feeding, inhibiting growth, and causing acute toxicity against a wide range of generalist herbivores.

Long noncoding RNA PVT1 inhibits interferon-α mediated therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma cells by interacting with signal transducer and activator of transcription 1.

Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) PVT1 has recently been reported to be involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hsigh expression of oncogenic PVT1 is associated with poor prognosis of HCC. Interferon-α (IFN-α) has been used in clinic for HCC therapy. However, whether PVT1 is involved in the IFN-α therapy for HCC is completely unknown.

Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus by Bemisia tabaci as Affected by Whitefly Sex and Biotype.

Bemisia tabaci is a serious pest of vegetables and other crops worldwide. The most damaging and predominant B. tabaci biotypes are B and Q, and both are vectors of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV).

The endosymbiont Hamiltonella increases the growth rate of its host Bemisia tabaci during periods of nutritional stress.

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) harbors several bacterial symbionts. Among the secondary (facultative) symbionts, Hamiltonella has high prevalence and high infection frequencies, suggesting that it may be important for the biology and ecology of its hosts. Previous reports indicated that Hamiltonella increases whitefly fitness and, based on the complete sequencing of its genome, may have the ability to synthesize cofactors and amino acids that are required by its host but that are not sufficiently synthesized by the host or by the primary endosymbiont, Portiera.

Spatial genetic heterogeneity in populations of a newly invasive whitefly in china revealed by a nation-wide field survey.

Background: Even though introductions of exotic species provide ready-made experiments of rapid evolution, few studies have examined the genetic structure of an exotic species shortly after its initial introduction and subsequent spread. To determine the genetic structure of its populations during the initial introduction, we investigated the invasive sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Q, commonly known as B. tabaci biotype Q) in China, which was introduced in approximately 2003.

Facultative symbiont Hamiltonella confers benefits to Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), an invasive agricultural pest worldwide.

Bacterial symbionts infect most insect species, including important pests such as whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and often exert important effects on host ecology. The facultative symbiont Hamiltonella is found at high frequencies in the B. tabaci MED (type: Mediterranean-MED) in China.

Two cytochrome P450 genes are involved in imidacloprid resistance in field populations of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, in China.

The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae), is an invasive and damaging pest of field crops worldwide. The neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid has been widely used to control this pest. We assessed the species composition (B vs.

Plant-mediated changes in the feeding behavior of an invasive whitefly.

The invasive whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a worldwide pest of agricultural crops that feeds on a wide variety of host plants. Although host plant preference is known to vary among B. tabaci biotypes, far less is known about the potential for intraspecific divergence caused by long-term isolation on a single species of host plant.

Differential effects of an exotic plant virus on its two closely related vectors.

Concurrent spread of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) with invasion of Bemisia tabaci Q rather than B in China suggests a more mutualistic relationship between TYLCV and Q than B. To assess this hypothesis, we quantified the impacts of TYLCV on the performance and competitiveness of B and Q in the laboratory. The results showed that relative to their non-infected counterparts feeding on cotton (a non-host for TYLCV), infected B exhibited significant reductions in life-history traits, whereas infected Q only showed marginal reductions.

Tomato spotted wilt virus infection reduces the fitness of a nonvector herbivore on pepper.

Plant pathogens and insect herbivores often share hosts under natural conditions. Hence, pathogen-induced changes in a host plant can affect the herbivore and vice versa. Even though plant viruses are ubiquitous in the field, little is known about plant-mediated interactions between viruses and nonvector herbivores.

Relative amount of symbionts in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Q changes with host plant and establishing the method of analyzing free amino acid in B. tabaci.

The impact of symbionts on their insect hosts depends on their infection density. In the current study, we investigated the effects of host plants (cucumber, cabbage, and cotton) on the relative amount of symbionts Portiera and Hamiltonella in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Q. The relative amounts of symbionts in 3 host plant B.

Transcriptomic and proteomic responses of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, to thiamethoxam.

Background: The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most widely distributed agricultural pests. Although it has developed resistance to many registered insecticides including the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam, the mechanisms that regulate the resistance are poorly understood. To understand the molecular basis of thiamethoxam resistance, "omics" analyses were carried out to examine differences between resistant and susceptible B.

Insect symbiont facilitates vector acquisition, retention, and transmission of plant virus.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was first detected in China in 2006, following the introduction of Bemisia tabaci Q into China in 2003. Since then, the incidence of TYLCV in tomato fields in China has greatly increased as has the abundance and distribution of Q whiteflies containing the bacterial symbiont Hamiltonella with high frequency. This suggested that the symbiont Hamiltonella might associate with the transmission efficiency of TYLCV by the whitefly vector.

Multiple forms of vector manipulation by a plant-infecting virus: Bemisia tabaci and tomato yellow leaf curl virus.

For many insect-vectored plant viruses, the relationship between feeding behavior and vector competence may prove integral to an understanding of the epidemiology of the resulting plant disease. While plant-infecting viruses are well known to change host plant physiology in a way that makes them more attractive to vectors, viral manipulation of the vectors themselves has only recently been reported. Previous research suggested that the rapid spread of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) throughout China has been facilitated by its primary vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.