Associations of phosphorus concentrations with medial arterial calcification in lower-extremity arteries and diabetic foot in people with diabetes: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of blood phosphorus levels with the risk of developing medial arterial calcification (MAC) in lower-limb arteries and diabetic foot (DF) in diabetes patients. We sought to enhance the understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic complications and develop strategies to mitigate diabetes-related risks.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 701 diabetic patients from the Department of Endocrinology at Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital (2019-2023).

Educational attainment protects against type 2 diabetes independently of cognitive performance: a Mendelian randomization study.

Aims: Observational studies have reported a negative association between educational attainment and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the causality remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential causal effect of educational attainment on T2D and whether such an effect is independent of cognitive performance.

Methods: We conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic variants strongly associated with educational attainment and cognitive performance to estimate the causal associations with T2D, among 61,714 T2D cases and 593,952 controls.