Kinetically Tailored Chemical Vapor Deposition Approach for Synthesizing High-Quality Large-Area Non-Layered 2D Materials.

Non-layered 2D materials offer unique and more advantageous physicochemical properties than those of conventional 2D layered materials. However, the isotropic chemical bonding nature of non-layered materials hinders their lateral growth, making the synthesis of large-area continuous thin films challenging. Herein, a facile kinetically tailored chemical vapor deposition (KT-CVD) approach is introduced for the synthesis of 2D molybdenum nitride (MoN), a representative non-layered material.

Simultaneous nitric oxide and toluene reduction over Pt-based catalyst.

This research investigates the simultaneous reduction of nitric oxide (NOx) and toluene using Pt-based catalysts, aiming at applications in small-scale industrial environmental processes. Catalysts with varying Pt loadings from 0.01 to 3 % were synthesized through wet impregnation, and their dispersion was assessed across several characterizations, revealing effective Pt dispersion even at loadings above 1 %.

LPI Radar Waveform Recognition Based on Hierarchical Classification Approach and Maximum Likelihood Estimation.

The importance of information gathering is emphasized to minimize casualties and economic losses in warfare. Through electronic warfare, which utilizes electromagnetic waves, it is possible to discern the enemy's intentions and respond accordingly, thereby leading the battle advantageously. Consequently, related research is actively underway.

Evaluation of different designs of 3D printed clear aligners on mandibular premolar extrusion using force/moment measurement devices and digital image correlation method.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of three-dimensional (3D) printed clear aligners (CA) with different designs on the extrusion of mandibular premolars using a force/moment measurement system and digital image correlation (DIC).

Methods: The forces and moments applied to the mandibular canines, first and second premolars were measured using a multi-axis force/moment transducer when an extrusion of 0.5 mm was planned, assuming the mandibular first premolars were intruded by 1 mm.

Efficacy and safety of safinamide in Parkinson's disease patients with motor fluctuations without levodopa dosage escalation over 18 weeks: KEEP study.

This multicentre, prospective, single-arm study evaluated safinamide as add-on therapy to levodopa in Korean patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with motor fluctuations with ≥ 1.5 h of "off" time daily, who took levodopa ≥ 3 times/day (n = 199). Baseline levodopa and dopamine agonist doses were maintained without escalation during the 18-week treatment period.

Nonlinear changes in urban heat island intensity, urban breeze intensity, and urban air pollutant concentration with roof albedo.

This study systematically examines how the urban heat island (UHI) and urban breeze circulation (UBC) respond to an increase in roof albedo (α) and its influence on urban air pollutant dispersion. For this, idealized ensemble simulations are performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The increase in α from 0.

Deep learning-based virtual staining, segmentation, and classification in label-free photoacoustic histology of human specimens.

In pathological diagnostics, histological images highlight the oncological features of excised specimens, but they require laborious and costly staining procedures. Despite recent innovations in label-free microscopy that simplify complex staining procedures, technical limitations and inadequate histological visualization are still problems in clinical settings. Here, we demonstrate an interconnected deep learning (DL)-based framework for performing automated virtual staining, segmentation, and classification in label-free photoacoustic histology (PAH) of human specimens.

Evaluation of NAD precursors for improved metabolism and productivity of antibody-producing CHO cell.

In the previous study, the culture medium was treated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) under the hypothesis that NAD regeneration is a major factor causing excessive lactate accumulation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The NAD treatment improved metabolism by not only reducing the Warburg effect but also enhancing oxidative phosphorylation, leading to enhanced antibody production. Building on this, four NAD precursors - nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and nicotinamide (NAM) - were tested to elevate intracellular NAD+ levels more economically.

Polytypic B cells, monotypic/monoclonal B-cell proliferations, and neoplastic T cells diverge from -/-mutant clonal hematopoiesis in follicular helper T-cell lymphomas.

Not available.

Spectral Efficiency Maximization for Mixed-Structure Cognitive Radio Hybrid Wideband Millimeter-Wave Transceivers in Relay-Assisted Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems.

This paper proposes a cognitive radio network (CRN)-based hybrid wideband precoding for maximizing spectral efficiency in millimeter-wave relay-assisted multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The underlying problem is NP-hard and non-convex due to the joint optimization of hybrid processing components and the constant amplitude constraint imposed by the analog beamformer in the radio frequency (RF) domain. Furthermore, the analog beamforming solution common to all sub-carriers adds another layer of design complexity.

Reduction-Assisted Calcination Enhances the Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO and WO Nanoparticles in Biomass Conversion.

Rising energy needs and environmental issues have prompted the creation of effective and affordable photocatalysts for converting biomass. Utilizing abundant biomass, oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) emerges as a method for generating high-value chemicals from biomass, offering an alternative to fossil fuels. We synthesized defect-engineered metal oxides (ZnO and WO) by calcination with NaBH as a reducing agent.

Advanced Ultrasound Energy Transfer Technologies using Metamaterial Structures.

Wireless energy transfer (WET) based on ultrasound-driven generators with enormous beneficial functions, is technologically in progress by the valuation of ultrasonic metamaterials (UMMs) in science and engineering domains. Indeed, novel metamaterial structures can develop the efficiency of mechanical and physical features of ultrasound energy receivers (US-ETs), including ultrasound-driven piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators (US-PENGs and US-TENGs) for advantageous applications. This review article first summarizes the fundamentals, classification, and design engineering of UMMs after introducing ultrasound energy for WET technology.

Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Results in Impaired Epidermal Differentiation and Tight Junction Dysfunction.

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is characterized by skin changes, swelling, fibrosis, and recurrent skin infections. Clinical studies have suggested that lymphedema results in skin barrier defects; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms and the effects of bacterial contamination on skin barrier function remain unknown. In matched biopsies from patients with unilateral BCRL, we observed decreased expression of FLG and the tight junction protein ZO-1 in skin affected by moderate lymphedema or by subclinical lymphedema in which dermal backflow of lymph was identified by indocyanine green lymphography, relative to those in the controls (areas without backflow and from the unaffected arm).

In Situ Phase Separation-Induced Self-Healing Catalyst for Efficient Direct Seawater Electrolysis.

Direct seawater electrolysis technology for sustainable hydrogen production has garnered significant attention, owing to its abundant resource supply and economic potential. However, the complex composition and high chloride concentration of seawater have hindered its practical implementation. In this study, we report an -synthesized dual-phase electrocatalyst (HPS-NiMo), comprising an amorphous phosphide protective outer phase and a crystalline alloy inner phase with supplementary sulfur active sites, to improve the kinetics of direct seawater electrolysis.

Preoperative echocardiography as a predictor of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in older patients with mild left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension (SAH) frequently occurs in older patients, many of whom have mild left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, often asymptomatic at rest. This study investigated the association between preoperative echocardiographic measurements and SAH in older patients with mild LV diastolic dysfunction.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using data from electronic medical records.

Self-Powering Gas Sensing System Enabled by Double-Layer Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Poly(2-vinylpyridine)@BaTiO Core-Shell Hybrids with Superior Dispersibility and Uniformity.

Current core-shell hybrids used in diverse energy-related applications possess limited dispersibility and film uniformity that govern their overall performances. Herein, we showcase superdispersible core-shell hybrids (P2VP@BaTiO) composed of a poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) (5-20 wt %) and a barium titanate oxide (BaTiO), maximizing dielectric constants by forming the high-quality uniform films. The P2VP@BaTiO-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), especially the 10 wt % P2VP (P2VP@BaTiO)-based one, deliver significantly enhanced output performances compared to physically mixed P2VP/BaTiO counterparts.

Involvement of the anterior insula and frontal operculum during wh-question comprehension of wh-in-situ Korean language.

In this research, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neurological basis for understanding wh-questions in wh-in-situ languages such as Korean, where wh-elements maintain their original positions instead of moving explicitly within the sentence. Our hypothesis centered on the role of the salience and attention network in comprehending wh-questions in wh-in-situ languages, such as the discernment of wh-elements, the demarcation between interrogative types, and the allocation of cognitive resources towards essential constituents vis-à-vis subordinate elements in order to capture the speaker's communicative intent. We explored subject and object wh-questions and scrambled wh-questions, contrasting them with yes/no questions in Korean.

Effect of blind versus fluoroscopic guidance epidural blood patch in patients with intracranial hypotension.

Epidural blood patch (EBP)-the most effective treatment for intracranial hypotension (IH)-can be performed using the blind technique in the lateral position or under fluoroscopic guidance in the prone position. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of EBP in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (sIH) and iatrogenic intracranial hypotension (iIH) when performed with the blind technique in the lateral decubitus position or fluoroscopic guidance in the prone position. We reviewed IH patients who underwent EBP between January 2015 and September 2019 in a single hospital and divided them into two groups according to the type of IH.

Superaerophobic/Superhydrophilic Multidimensional Electrode System for High-Current-Density Water Electrolysis.

Water electrolysis is emerging as a promising renewable-energy technology for the green production of hydrogen, which is a representative and reliable clean energy source. From economical and industrial perspectives, the development of earth-abundant non-noble metal-based and bifunctional catalysts, which can simultaneously exhibit high catalytic activities and stabilities for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is critical; however, to date, these types of catalysts have not been constructed, particularly, for high-current-density water electrolysis at the industrial level. This study developed a heterostructured zero-dimensional (0D)-one-dimensional (1D) PrBaSrCoFeO (PBSCF)-NiS as a self-supported catalytic electrode via interface and morphology engineering.