Complete surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot with Ebstein's anomaly.

Association of Ebstein's anomaly of tricuspid valve (TV) with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is extremely rare. Their coexistence is unique as they modify each other's physiology. We report a case of a girl child having this rare combination along with Diamond-Blackfan syndrome awaiting a bone marrow transplant.

Late-onset aortic regurgitation after device closure of atrial septal defect.

A 10-year-old girl underwent successful device closure of a 15-mm atrial septal defect with a short and thick retroaortic rim using a 16-mm atrial septal occluder from the conventional approach under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance. There were no periprocedural complications. The aortic valve was noted to be trileaflet and competent.

Early and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Ductal Stenting Versus Surgical Aortopulmonary Shunt Among Young Infants with Duct-Dependent Pulmonary Circulation.

Surgical aortopulmonary shunting (SAPS) and ductal stenting (DS) are the main palliations in infants with cyanotic congenital heart diseases (CHD). We aimed to study the safety and efficacy of DS and to compare it with SAPS as a palliative procedure in infants with CHD and duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. Retrospective institutional clinical data review of consecutive infants aged < 3 months who underwent DS or SAPS over 5 years.

A Lung ultrasound-based comparison of postoperative respiratory outcome after pediatric congenital heart surgery in COVID-19 recovered and COVID-19 unaffected children-a pilot study.

Background: COVID-19 is known to affect the alveolar-capillary membrane and interstitial tissue. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is proven to cause "pump-lung" syndrome. Little is known about the subgroup of COVID-19-recovered children undergoing cardiac surgeries under CPB.

Left cardiac sympathetic denervation in children with Jervell Lange-Nielsen syndrome and drug refractory torsades - A case series.

Introduction: Long QT syndrome is an inherited malignant channelopathy which leads to life-threatening arrhythmia, with multiple genotypes. Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome (JLNS) is an autosomal recessive subtype of this disease, characterized by congenital sensorineural deafness and a high incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD).

Methodology: We prospectively followed up six children who underwent left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) for JLNS in view of high-risk features despite being on maximally tolerated doses of oral propranolol.

Paediatric quality of life in toddlers and children who underwent arterial switch operation beyond early neonatal period.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of children who underwent the arterial switch operation (ASO) for Transposition of Great Arteries in our population and, specifically, to explore early modifiable factors and the influence of parental and socioeconomic factors on the QOL of these children.

Methods: Cross-sectional study using Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 3.0 Cardiac Module was carried out on 3- to 12-year-old children who had undergone ASO between the years 2012-2018.

Pancycle aortic incompetence and double alternans in pediatric heart failure.

A 12-year-old boy presented with bicuspid aortic valve, severe aortic regurgitation, and dilated dysfunctional left ventricle in heart failure. He underwent aortic valve replacement with a 23 mm TTK Chitra heart valve prosthesis (tilting disk). He was gradually weaned off milrinone and noradrenaline in the intensive care.

Influence of age at surgery on left ventricular strain in patients with anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

Objectives: Myocardial strain abnormalities are described after surgical repair of anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) even after recovery of ventricular function. The factors that predispose to the presence of these strain abnormalities in the presence of normal ventricular function are unknown. The aim of this study was to find out whether the age at repair influences the presence of global and regional strain abnormalities on follow-up.

Heart failure in a newborn with tetralogy of Fallot: uncommon association of a common anomaly.

Heart failure in tetralogy of Fallot in the newborn period is rare and is usually due to either large aortopulmonary collaterals or absent pulmonary valve syndrome with severe pulmonary regurgitation. Pink tetralogy of Fallot and tetralogy of Fallot with disconnected pulmonary arteries from the aorta may present beyond the newborn period with heart failure when Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) falls. We describe the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway in a rare case of heart failure in newborn with tetralogy of Fallot.

Pulmonary artery aneurysm: Harbinger of an ominous disease.

An 11-year-old girl presented with chronic cough and recurrent hemoptysis. On examination, she had features of right heart failure and cyanosis, with severe pulmonary hypertension on echocardiogram. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography showed aneurysmal dilatations of the pulmonary artery with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein and positive human leukocyte antigen B51.

Clinical outcomes of del nido cardioplegia and st thomas blood cardioplegia in neonatal congenital heart surgery.

Objectives: Cardioplegia is essential for adequate myocardial protection. There continues to remain ambiguity regarding the ideal cardioplegia for adequate myocardial protection in congenital heart surgery. This study compares clinical outcomes using St Thomas II solution and Del Nido cardioplegia in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery.

Percutaneous Closure of Giant Aortic Pseudoaneurysm in a Child.

Although percutaneous closure of aortic pseudoaneurysms have been described in adults with good results, there are no reports in children. This case demonstrates that in selected high-risk cases where the anatomy is suitable, percutaneous closure may be feasible and safe in children.

An unusual cause of heparin resistance - A case report.

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a rare disorder characterized by dilated intestinal lacteals that result in leakage of excessive serum proteins and lymphocytes into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract culminating in protein-losing enteropathy. The GI loss of protein and possible antithrombin III (AT-III) loss creates a prothrombotic environment. The surgical management of congenital heart disease (CHD) in presence of PIL can present with altered heparin response and can impose problems in instituting cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Intermediate-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life after arterial switch operation beyond early neonatal period.

Objectives: The study objective was to evaluate the cardiac, neurodevelopmental, psycho-social and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes of children who underwent an arterial switch operation (ASO).

Methods: Children who underwent ASO were evaluated on follow-up at 3-5 years with cardiovascular, neurodevelopmental and HRQOL assessment using validated tools. Children with developmental delay, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, neuromotor and speech and language impairment were considered to have neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD).

Intracardiac relation of extrahepatic persistent right umbilical vein.

Persistent extrahepatic right umbilical vein without ductus venosus is a rare anomaly of systemic venous drainage and is reported to be associated with cardiac anomalies. We report the case of an 8-year-old boy diagnosed to have an ostium secundum atrial septal defect, in whom an abnormal vascular channel and its opening in the right atrium in close relationship to the inferior vena cava and coronary sinus opening was identified at operation. Post-operative evaluation of this vascular channel was diagnosed to be an extrahepatic persistent right umbilical vein.

Mitral kissing lesion with anterior mitral leaflet aneurysm in a child.

Aortic valve endocarditis can lead to secondary involvement of aorto mitral curtain and the adjacent anterior mitral leaflet (AML). The secondary damage to AML is often caused by the infected diastolic jet of aortic regurgitation hitting the ventricular surface of the anterior mitral leaflet, or by the pronounced bacterial vegetation that prolapses from the aortic valve into the left ventricular outflow tract. This is called "kissing lesion".

Role of Transesophageal and Epicardial Echocardiography to Assess Surgical Repair in Double-Outlet Left Ventricle.

A double-outlet left ventricle (DOLV) is a congenital cardiac anomaly that rarely is encountered. This case report demonstrates the echocardiographic features of DOLV in the form of the pulmonary artery arising completely from the left ventricle with D-looped ventricles, especially when evaluated by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), along with the correlation of characteristic features with cardiac computerized tomography. The features pertinent to the differentiation of DOLV from double-outlet right ventricle and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries by echocardiography have been described.