Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated motor neuron disease (MND) is very rare. HIV infection can cause an MND-like syndrome due to central nervous system (CNS) involvement de novo or during antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to CNS escape. We present two cases: one with a classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) phenotype, which was the manifestation of symptomatic CNS escape from ART, and the second with a primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) phenotype associated with underlying HIV infection.
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