Safety Aspects of Extemporaneous Prescriptions Prescribed by Latvian Healthcare Specialists.

Until 1991, Latvia had been part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and medicines in Latvia were prepared in accordance with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Pharmacopoeia and standardized prescriptions. Latvia regained its independence 30 years ago, but Latvia still does not have its standardized prescriptions and official sources of information in the official language. So far, there have been no studies which would collect data about prescribed extemporaneous prescriptions and characterize the current situation in different Latvian regions.

Analysis of Extemporaneously Compounded Nasal Preparations Prescribed by Latvian Otorhinolaryngologists and General Practitioners and Comparison with German Formulations.

It has been reported that sinusitis and rhinitis are included in the list of most common diagnoses made by general practitioners. Even though treatment of diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses requires many manufactured medicines, several European countries, as well as the U.S.

Analysis of Extemporaneous Prescriptions Prescribed by Dermatovenerologists in Latvia and Comparison with Standardized Compounded Preparation Monographs of Germany and USA.

Background And Objectives: Even though many industrially manufactured medicines are available, extemporaneous preparations still have their niche in dermatology. In several countries, dermatovenerologists are one of the specialists prescribing extemporaneous medicines the most. In order to increase the quality of compounded medications and minimize risks to patient safety, several countries, for example, Germany and the United States of America (USA), created standardized compounded preparation monographs.

Data on medicinal plants in the records of Latvian folk medicine from the 19th century.

The data presented in this article is in support of the research paper "Medicinal plants and their uses recorded in the Archives of Latvian Folklore from the 19th century" [1]. This article provides the list of plant species and disorders treated with medicinal plants mentioned in the records of Latvian folk medicine and used by indigenous people of Latvia in the 19th century. In total, the data include 211 genera belonging to 71 plant families.

Medicinal plants and their uses recorded in the Archives of Latvian Folklore from the 19th century.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The records of folk medicine present historical evidence of medicinal plant usage in the territory of Latvia and describe native and imported plants and plant products that were used as medicine.

Aim Of The Study: To collect and analyse the ethnobotanical knowledge found in records of Latvian folk medicine available in the Archives of Latvian Folklore.

Materials And Methods: Following the International Classification of Primary Care, plant uses were grouped into one of the 17 categories based on the body systems and psychological and social problems.

Knowledge about Disease, Medication Therapy, and Related Medication Adherence Levels among Patients with Hypertension.

A particular problem in cardiology is poor adherence to pharmacological treatment among patients with hypertension. It is known that approximately half of these patients do not use their medications as prescribed by their doctor. Patients may choose not to follow the doctor's recommendations and regularly do not control their blood pressure, owing to many factors.

The Extent of Extemporaneous Preparation and Regulatory Framework of Extemporaneous Compounding in Latvia.

: Extemporaneous preparations are pharmaceutical preparations individually prepared for a specific patient or patient group, but also high-risk products accompanied by doubts regarding their safety and quality. Legislation regulating the compounding of extemporaneous preparations is not harmonized among European countries. This problem is partially resolved by Resolution CM/Res(2016)1 on quality and safety assurance requirements for medicinal products prepared in pharmacies for the special needs of patients.

Trends of Extemporaneous Drug Prescription in Latvia in 2017.

Despite the numerous industrially manufactured medicines available in the market, extemporaneously prepared drugs still have their niche among the services offered by the pharmacies. The physicians prescribe extemporaneously prepared drugs for special patient groups that require custom approach. Therefore, physicians' knowledge about extemporaneously prepared drugs and experience in prescribing them is the main precondition for satisfying patients' needs.

Pharmacy Practice and Education in Latvia.

The PHARMINE ("") project studied the organisation of pharmacy practice and education in the member states of the European Union (EU). The work was carried out using an electronic survey sent to chosen pharmacy representatives. The surveys of the individual member states are now being published as reference documents.

Perception of the Professional Knowledge of and Education on the Medical Technology Products among the Pharmacists in the Baltic and Nordic Countries-A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study.

Unlabelled: With increased development of medical technology (MT), new challenges emerge related to education and training of pharmacists and other healthcare specialists. Currently, only a few universities in the EU promote MT education and research.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the current status, views on, and need for the education on MT for the pharmacy students and practicing pharmacists in the Baltic and Nordic countries.

Factors related to good asthma control using different medical adherence scales in Latvian asthma patients: an observational study.

Unlabelled: One of the main challenges in asthma control is adherence to pharmaceutical treatment. The aim of this study was to test the association between adherence to asthma medication, control and medical beliefs, cognitive and emotional perceptions using three different validated questionnaires. Beliefs about asthma medicine, cognitive and emotional factors were determined in a cross-sectional survey of patients attending outpatient pulmonologist practices in Latvia (n = 352).

Factors related to poor asthma control in Latvian asthma patients between 2013 and 2015.

Objectives: To investigate whether beliefs about asthma medication, cognitive and emotional factors are related to poor asthma control in a sample of Latvian asthma patients in 2015.

Design: Cross-sectional, self-administered survey.

Subjects: Three hundred and fifty two asthma patients (mean age 57.

Flow cytometric analysis of glyoxalase-1 expression in human leukocytes.

Altered glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1) activity and expression is associated with the development of late diabetic complications, malignancy and oxidative stress- and aging-related diseases. In the present study, we developed a flow cytometry method for GLO-1 detection in human leukocytes isolated from peripheral blood samples to investigate GLO-1 expression in leukocyte subsets from type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n = 11) and healthy subjects (n = 8). The flow cytometry analysis of GLO-1 in leukocytes showed that expression index of GLO-1-positive cells was slightly increased in mononuclear leukocytes from diabetic patients.

Master of Pharmacy Wilhelm Grining and his pharmaceutical laboratory.

Very little is known about the history of pharmaceutical industry in Latvia, especially about the history of small pharmaceutical enterprises in Riga at the turn of 19-20th centuries. The laboratory of Wilhelm Grining, Master of Pharmacy, (established in 1899) became well known because of its product Liquor Ferri albuminati Grining. The liquor was used for treatment of anemia and became very popular in the whole Russian empire.