Arctigenin Triggers Apoptosis and Autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Inhibition in PC-3M Cells.

Arctigenin (ARG), a natural lignans compound isolated from Arctium lappa L. In this study, the anti-tumor effect of ARG on prostate cancer cell PC-3M and the mechanism of apoptosis and autophagy induced by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were discussed, and further confirmed by the joint treatment of ARG and PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Here, the effect of ARG on cell viability was evaluated in PC-3M cells by Cell Counting Kit-8 reagent (CCK-8) assay.

[Application of NIR spectroscopy to estimate of MFA and fiber length of Neosinocalamus a f finis].

Near infrared spectroscopy was applied to rapidly predict microfibril angle (MFA) and fiber length of Neosinocalamus a f finis Keng by using a fiber-optic probe in diffuse reflectance mode. The MFA and fiber length were measured by X-ray diffractometry and optical microscope, respectively. Partial least squares (PLS) was used to build models based on raw and pretreated spectra, including noise spectra and noise combined with orthogonal signal correction (OSC) spectra.

[Estimation of the physical and mechanical properties of Neosinocalamus affinins using near infrared spectroscopy].

Near infrared spectroscopy was applied to rapidly predict density, modulus of rupture and tensile strength parallel to grain of neosinocalamus affinins. Backward interval partial least squares (BiPLS) was used to find the most informative spectrum ranges, and build models based on raw spectra and pretreated spectra, including first derivative spectra, second derivative spectra, Savitzky-Golay smoothing spectra and standard normalized variate spectra. And partial least squares (PLS) models were also developed in the whole wavelength range 350-2500 nm.

[Determination of crystallinity in Neosinocalamus affinins based on near infrared spectroscopy and PLS methods].

Near infrared spectroscopy technique combined with chemometrics methods was applied to predict crystallinity of Neosinocalamus affinins. Three improved partial least squares (PLS) methods, including interval partial least squares (iPLS), synergy interval partial least squares (siPLS) and backward interval partial least squares (biPLS), were used to find the most informative ranges and build models with better predictive quality based on multiplicative scatter correction spectra. And then the models were compared with PLS model which was developed on the whole wavelength range 350-2 500 nm.