Transdermal nicotine maintenance attenuates the subjective and reinforcing effects of intravenous nicotine, but not cocaine or caffeine, in cigarette-smoking stimulant abusers.

The effects of transdermal nicotine maintenance on the subjective, reinforcing, and cardiovascular effects of intravenously administered cocaine, caffeine, and nicotine were examined using double-blind procedures in nine volunteers with histories of using tobacco, caffeine, and cocaine. Each participant was exposed to two chronic drug maintenance phases (21 mg/day nicotine transdermal patch and placebo transdermal patch). Within each drug phase, the participant received intravenous injections of placebo, cocaine (15 and 30 mg/70 kg), caffeine (200 and 400 mg/70 kg), and nicotine (1.

Open-label trial of an injection depot formulation of buprenorphine in opioid detoxification.

Buprenorphine, a partial mu-opioid agonist, has been shown effective for treatment of opioid dependence but also has some abuse potential. A novel formulation of buprenorphine, using a polymer microcapsule depot sustained-release technology, has been developed which may offer effective treatment of opioid dependence while also minimizing risks of patient noncompliance and illicit diversion. This open-label, first-in-human study evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of a single-dose buprenorphine depot in physically dependent opioid abusers.