Strong segregation promotes self-destructive cooperation.

Self-destructive cooperators, which sacrifice themselves for others, challenge traditional group selection theory, as costs often exceed individual benefits. We predict self-destructive cooperators can persist in highly segregated environments where populations are primarily divided into homogenous groups originating from one or two founders. In such contexts, the benefits of self-destructive cooperators remain within homogeneous groups of self-destructive cooperators, preserving the sacrifice value and ensuring its maintenance.

Wess-Zumino-Witten Interactions of Axions.

We present a consistent derivation of the complete Wess-Zumino-Witten interactions of axions, including the counter-term necessary to guarantee the gauge invariance of the standard model. By treating the derivative of the axion field as a background gauge field and incorporating auxiliary chiral rotation phases, we ensure consistency in the axion-interaction Lagrangian. This approach allows us to derive basis-independent physical interactions of axions with gauge bosons and vector mesons.

Crop root bacterial and viral genomes reveal unexplored species and microbiome patterns.

Reference genomes of root microbes are essential for metagenomic analyses and mechanistic studies of crop root microbiomes. By combining high-throughput bacterial cultivation with metagenomic sequencing, we constructed comprehensive bacterial and viral genome collections from the roots of wheat, rice, maize, and Medicago. The crop root bacterial genome collection (CRBC) significantly expands the quantity and phylogenetic diversity of publicly available crop root bacterial genomes, with 6,699 bacterial genomes (68.

Ultrasound-triggered lysosomal alkalinization to block autophagy in tumor therapy.

Lysosomes play a crucial role in regulating cancer progression and drug resistance. However, there is a pressing need for the development of drugs that can safely and effectively modulate the pH of cancerous lysosomes in a controlled manner. In this study, we propose a novel strategy for lysosomal alkalinization triggered by piezoelectricity.

Polarization Induced by Chlorine Defect Engineering in High-Entropy Halide Perovskite to Promote CO Photomethanation.

The Coulomb electric field formed between positive and negative charges always restricts the generation and separation of photo-irradiated electrons and holes, resulting in the limited CO photoreduction performances of catalysts. Herein, the defect engineering and high-entropy strategies are used to regulate the crystallinity of CsNaInCl perovskite materials, thus resulting in an enhanced internal polarization electric field, which overcame the Coulomb electric field and promoting the separation process of charge carriers. Moreover, the CsNa{InPrSmGdTb}Cl with Cl vacancies is prepared using the low-temperature syntheses, which overcame the challenge of extremely high-temperature requirements for high entropy alloy preparation.

One-Dose Bioorthogonal Gadolinium Nanoprobes for Prolonged Radiosensitization of Tumor.

Developing effective radiotherapy is impeded by tumor radioresistance, imprecise treatment, and the need for accurate imaging. Herein, a multifunctional gadolinium-based nanoprobe (GBD) is presented, integrating bioorthogonal click chemistry and theranostics to enhance tumor retention, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast, and radiosensitivity. GBD synthesis involved biomimetic mineralization of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with gadolinium ions to form nanoparticles (GB), followed by conjugation with dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO).

Quasi Fe MIL-53 nanozyme inducing ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death for cancer immunotherapy.

Nanozymes offer diverse therapeutic potentials for cancer treatment which is dependent on the development of nanomaterials. Quasi-metal-organic framework is a class of metal-organic framework-derived nanomaterials with a transition state from metal-organic frameworks towards metal oxide featuring porous structure and high activity. Herein an iron-based quasi-metal-organic framework nanozyme Q-MIL-53(Fe) is reported via a controlled deligandation strategy, exhibiting enhanced peroxidase-/catalase-mimic activity and glutathione depletion capacity, whose underlying mechanisms are studied via density functional theory calculations.

The Effect of Spacer Chain Length on Foam Stability of Mixed Amine Gemini Surfactant/NaOl by Molecular Dynamic Simulations.

Foam stability critically determines the efficiency of the mineral flotation process. Although the mixed amine Gemini surfactant/anionic surfactants exhibit excellent flotation performance, atomic-level investigations of the mechanism of their impact on foam stability remain limited. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the self-aggregation behavior of mixed amine Gemini surfactant/sodium oleate (NaOl) systems with varying spacer chain lengths at the air/water interface.

MOVE: Effective and Harmless Ownership Verification via Embedded External Features.

Currently, deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely adopted in different applications. Despite its commercial values, training a well-performing DNN is resource-consuming. Accordingly, the well-trained model is valuable intellectual property for its owner.

Laser: Efficient Language-Guided Segmentation in Neural Radiance Fields.

In this work, we propose a method that leverages CLIP feature distillation, achieving efficient 3D segmentation through language guidance. Unlike previous methods that rely on multi-scale CLIP features and are limited by processing speed and storage requirements, our approach aims to streamline the workflow by directly and effectively distilling dense CLIP features, thereby achieving precise segmentation of 3D scenes using text. To achieve this, we introduce an adapter module and mitigate the noise issue in the dense CLIP feature distillation process through a self-cross-training strategy.

Multifunctional nanoparticles and collagenase dual loaded thermosensitive hydrogel system for enhanced tumor-penetration, reversed immune suppression and photodynamic-immunotherapy.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent and lethal malignancy among females, with a critical need for safer and less invasive treatments. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can effectively eliminate tumor cells with minimal side effects. Furthermore, the combination of PDT and immunotherapy using nanoparticles has shown promise in treating both primary and distant metastatic tumor cells.

Rational design of a near-infrared fluorescent probe for rapid monitoring of carboxylesterase in live cells and drug-induced liver injury mice.

Background: Carboxylesterase (CE) is an important enzyme that mainly exists in liver cells and can catalyze the hydrolysis of esters in a variety of pharmaceuticals and xenobiotics. Real-time and non-invasive imaging of CE is of great significance for the study of CE-related metabolic diseases. Although fluorescence sensing technology is considered a promising candidate, the slow response rate (> 60 min), low sensitivity, and short emission wavelength (<650 nm) of most CE probes limit their practical application.

Effects of a perioperative support program on reducing psychological distress for family caregivers of patients with early-stage lung cancer: a pilot randomised controlled trial.

Background: For family caregivers, lung cancer surgery is an episodic and stressful event. Some family caregivers frequently lack the necessary skills for their roles, and they may experience psychological distress, which reduce their own quality of life whilst affecting the health outcomes of patients. However, research on perioperative support programs that focus on caregivers of patients with early-stage lung cancer is limited.

Transcriptomic profiling reveals a regulatory network governing volatile compound biosynthesis in Shine Muscat grapes (Vitis labruscana Baily × V. vinifera L.).

Winter berries accumulated more free volatile compounds than summer berries, and C volatile compounds were the main contributors to free volatile compounds. The volatile composition of grapes and wines is important in viticulture, since their aroma is one of the most important determinants of grape fruit quality. The aroma and general quality of grape fruit are influenced by the production of volatile compounds primarily influenced by crop management.

Analysis and prediction of the incidence temporal trends of echinococcosis in China from 2010 to 2021.

Echinococcosis poses a significant health burden in China, yet previous studies have mainly concentrated on its prevalence rather than incidence trends. This study analyzes echinococcosis incidence from 2010 to 2021 and projects future trends to enhance prevention and control strategies. The annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated to determine temporal trends, while the time series was decomposed to assess seasonal patterns.

Simultaneous enhancement of efficiency, stability and stretchability in binary polymer solar cells with a three-dimensional aromatic-core tethered tetrameric acceptor.

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) leverage blend films from polymer donors and small-molecule acceptors (SMAs), offering promising opportunities for flexible power sources. However, the inherent rigidity and crystalline nature of SMAs often embrittle the polymer donor films in the constructed bulk heterojunction structure. To address this challenge, we improved the stretchability of the blend films by designing and synthesizing a tethered giant tetrameric acceptor (GTA) with increased molecular weight that promotes entanglement of individual SMA units.

Tailoring Crystal Growth Regulation and Dual Passivation for Air-Processed Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

Hybrid metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging as highly competitive next-generation photovoltaics due to their excellent performance and low production cost. However, the construction of high-efficiency PSCs typically requires an inert nitrogen environment within a glove box, inadvertently increasing manufacturing costs and hindering the transition from lab-scale to industrial-scale production. In this work, an air ambient fabrication of pure α-phase FAPbI PSCs with high-efficiency and stability, utilizing a dual-functional engineering strategy assisted by 3-Guanidinopropionicacid (3-GuA) is reported.

Structure-Dependent Nonlinear Optical Effects in Spiral WS Nanosheets.

Spiral transition-metal dichalcogenides with broken crystal inversion symmetry and significant second-order nonlinear responses have shown great promise for further nonlinear optical applications. However, various spiral structures will be formed during their synthesis process, their second harmonic generation (SHG) varying with the layer thickness and which of them manifesting the most promising SHG response are still unresolved. Here, the layer-dependent SHG response is investigated for four representative spiral WS with different screw and twist angles, including aligned- and twisted-triangular spiral structures, aligned- and twisted-hexagonal spiral structures, respectively.

Selective adsorption mechanism of a new combined collector on the surfaces of quartz and potassium feldspar.

This study presents a novel methodology for the separation of quartz and feldspar under neutral and weakly alkaline conditions. Ethyl-bis(dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide) (Gemini) is introduced as a new collector in the flotation process, combined with sodium oleate (NaOL) to enhance separation efficiency. The investigation focuses on the adsorption mechanism of these combined collectors on mineral surfaces.

RBM15 recruits myeloid-derived suppressor cells via the m6A-IGF2BP3/CBR3-AS1/miR-409-3p/CXCL1 axis, facilitating radioresistance in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Radiotherapy is commonly used for locoregionally advanced NSCLC, but radioresistance is a clinical challenge. The long non-coding RNA CBR3-AS1 mediates radioresistance in NSCLC, yet the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. This study aims to explore whether and how N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification regulates CBR3-AS1 expression and promotes NSCLC radioresistance.

Full utilization of Flammulina filiformis spent mushroom substrate for sustainable production of oil/water separation bacterial nanocellulose composite with high liquid flux and seperation efficiency.

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a promising material for oily wastewater separation due to its hydrophilic and nanometer-scale porous structure. However, its application is constrained by high production costs. This study explores the utilization of underutilized Flammulina filiformis spent mushroom substrate (Ff-SMS) to produce BNC cost-effectively.

Melatonin alleviates oral epithelial cell inflammation via Keap1/Nrf2 signaling.

Background: Oral mucosal diseases manifest primarily as inflammatory conditions. These diseases affect approximately half a billion people worldwide.

Objective: Novel and effective strategies for treating inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa have great potential for improving patient outcomes, and warrant study.

Ethanol-assisted synthesis of titanium-rich TS-1 zeolite: a new hexa-coordinated Ti site for efficient propylene epoxidation.

TS-1 (MFI) zeolites are widely utilized in various green oxidation reactions, such as alkene epoxidation and alcohol oxidation. To elevate their catalytic efficacy, strategies such as increasing Ti content or constructing highly active Ti species within zeolite are commonly employed. Here, we synthesized a titanium-rich TS-1 zeolite (Si/Ti ratio of 25.