Autoimmune diseases and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies.

Background: Several autoimmune diseases (ADs) are considered risk factors for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. This study pooled and appraised the evidence associating ADs to GI cancer risks.

Methods: Three databases were examined from initiation through 26 January 2024.

Risk of comorbidity of autoimmune liver disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A single-center case-control study in China.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and the impact of comorbidity of AIH, PBC, and PSC on hospitalization burden in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: Inpatients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2021 were included. Odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to compare the risk of AIH, PBC, and PSC between IBD and non-IBD patients.

A dataset for N natural abundance of soil ammonia volatilization.

Investigating the sources of ammonia (NH) in the atmosphere and the contribution of each source is essential for environmental pollution control. The presented dataset aims to provide N natural abundance (δN) data collected from different controlled treatments to fill the knowledge gap between insufficient data of soil δN-NH and accurately identifying atmospheric NH source apportionments. Our results showed that the overall δN-NH values emitted from soil ranged from -46.

Rare digestive disease: Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy, review of the literature.

The median age of patients at diagnosis of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy was 25 years. The most common neurological symptoms were leukoencephalopathy (83.1%), polyneuropathy (68.

Learning From Human Attention for Attribute-Assisted Visual Recognition.

With prior knowledge of seen objects, humans have a remarkable ability to recognize novel objects using shared and distinct local attributes. This is significant for the challenging tasks of zero-shot learning (ZSL) and fine-grained visual classification (FGVC), where the discriminative attributes of objects have played an important role. Inspired by human visual attention, neural networks have widely exploited the attention mechanism to learn the locally discriminative attributes for challenging tasks.

Exploring the crosstalk molecular mechanisms between IgA nephropathy and Sjögren's syndrome based on comprehensive bioinformatics and immunohistochemical analyses.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and Sjogren's syndrome (SS) are two autoimmune diseases with undetermined etiology and related to abnormal activation of lymphocytes. This study aims to explore the crucial genes, pathways and immune cells between IgAN and SS. Gene expression profiles of IgAN and SS were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus and Nephroseq data.

Long Non-Coding RNAs in Drug Resistance of Gastric Cancer: Complex Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications.

Gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the third most prevalent malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. However, the majority of patients with GC are diagnosed at an advanced stage, highlighting the urgent need for effective perioperative and postoperative chemotherapy to prevent relapse and metastasis. The current treatment strategies have limited overall efficacy because of intrinsic or acquired drug resistance.

Comparison of efficacy and safety between robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic surgery for locally advanced mid-low rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To some extent, robotic technique does offer certain benefits in rectal cancer surgery than laparoscopic one, while remains a topic of ongoing debate for rectal cancer patients who had undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT).

Methods: Potential studies published until January 2024 were obtained from Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase and PubMed. Dichotomous and continuous variables were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% their confidence intervals (CIs), respectively.

A biomimetic lubricating nanosystem for synergistic therapy of osteoarthritis.

Failure of articular cartilage lubrication and inflammation are the main causes of osteoarthritis (OA), and integrated treatment realizing joint lubrication and anti-inflammation is becoming the most effective treat model. Inspired by low friction of human synovial fluid and adhesive chemical effect of mussels, our work reports a biomimetic lubricating system that realizes long-time lubrication, photothermal responsiveness and anti-inflammation property. To build the system, a dopamine-mediated strategy is developed to controllably graft hyaluronic acid on the surface of metal organic framework.

Integrative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics reveals the protective effect and mechanism of salidroside on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Testicular torsion is a critical urologic condition for which testicular detorsion surgery is considered irreplaceable as well as the golden method of reversal. However, the surgical treatment is equivalent to a blood reperfusion process, and no specific drugs are available to treat blood reperfusion injuries. Salidroside (SAL) is one of the main effective substances in rhodiola, which has been shown to have antioxidant and antiapoptosis activities.

Dual single atomic Ni sites constructing Janus hollow graphene for boosting electrochemical sensing of glucose.

Single atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted attention due to their excellent catalysis activity under specific reactions and conditions. However, the low density of SACs greatly limits catalytic performance. The three-dimensional graphene hollow nanospheres (GHSs) with very thin shell structure can be used as excellent carrier materials.

Improved therapeutic effects on vascular intimal hyperplasia by mesenchymal stem cells expressing MIR155HG that function as a ceRNA for microRNA-205.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an effective treatment for coronary heart disease, with vascular transplantation as the key procedure. Intimal hyperplasia (IH) gradually leads to vascular stenosis, seriously affecting the curative effect of CABG. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used to alleviate IH, but the effect was not satisfactory.

Body Compositions Correlate With Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: A Multicentre Cohort Study.

Background: The relationship between body composition and the risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) needs to be investigated.

Methods: Overall, 571 patients from 5 medical centers were included. To assess body compositions, we evaluated skeletal muscle indices, adipose tissue indices, sarcopenia, and myosteatosis at the third lumbar vertebral level.

Myosteatosis is an independent risk factor for overt hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting.

Objective: The relationship between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue compositions and risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) treatment needs to be investigated.

Methods: A total of 282 patients were collected from two medical centres. The median time of follow-up was 48.

A multifactorial study of mass movement in the hilly and gully Loess Plateau based on intensive field surveys and remote sensing techniques.

Mass movements, driven by various non-linearly correlated factors, exhibit high randomness, posing vast difficulties for field observations and subsequent investigations into the underlying mechanisms. In this study 157 mass movement incidents (including collapses, slump and spalling) and their primary influencing factors were surveyed in a small catchment of the hilly and gully Loess Plateau, China, through intensive field investigations and remote sensing techniques. The spatial pattern of mass movement and its relation with the influencing factors were assessed, while the relative impact of different factors was studied using the canonical correlation analysis.

Ubiquitin-specific proteases: From biological functions to potential therapeutic applications in gastric cancer.

Deubiquitination, a post-translational modification regulated by deubiquitinases, is essential for cancer initiation and progression. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are essential elements of the deubiquitinase family, and are overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC). Through the regulation of several signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-Catenin and nuclear factor-κB signaling, and the promotion of the expression of deubiquitination- and stabilization-associated proteins, USPs promote the proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of GC.

Predicting Positive Repeat Prostate Biopsy Outcomes: Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches to Identify Key Parameters and Optimal Algorithms.

Background: Innovative strategies are necessary to enhance prostate cancer diagnosis whilst reducing unnecessary and invasive repeat biopsies. This study aimed to determine the significant parameters affecting repeat prostate biopsy outcomes and develop an optimal machine learning algorithm for predicting positive repeat prostate biopsy results.

Methods: We analysed data from 174 men who underwent repeated prostate biopsies between January 2008 and December 2022.

Roles of Twist1 in lipid and glucose metabolism.

The abnormal lipid and glucose metabolisms are linked to the metabolic disorders, tumorigenesis, and fibrotic diseases, which attracts the increasing attention to find out the key molecules involved in the lipid and glucose metabolism as the possible therapeutic targets on these diseases. A transcriptional factor Twist1 has been associated with not only the embryonic development, cancer, and fibrotic diseases, but also the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. In this review, we will discuss the roles and mechanisms of Twist1 in the obesity-associated white adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, brown adipose tissue metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle to provide a rational perspective to consider Twist1 as a potential treatment target in clinic.

Effects of tai chi on postural balance and quality of life among the elderly with gait disorders: A systematic review.

Background: Tai Chi is good for improving the physical fitness of older adults. But few studies have reported the effects of Tai Chi on the postural balance and quality of life of older adults with gait disorders.

Objective: This review aimed to assess the influence of tai chi on postural stability and quality of life in older adults with abnormal gait.

Analysis of soil water use by exotic and native vegetation in a semi-arid area and their associated interspecific competition.

The exotic vegetation used in dryland vegetation restoration projects is characterized by its fast-growing and deep-rooted system, which enables it to expedite the restoration of ecosystem functions and enhance biodiversity. However, the interspecific relationship between exotic and native vegetation and soil water uptake in these restored ecosystems remains unclear, limiting our ability to evaluate the succession process and sustainability of restored ecosystems. In this study, stable isotope techniques and a proportional similarity index were used to investigate soil water use strategies and interspecific relationships between exotic and native vegetation.

Endovascular repair of thoracic aortic disease with isolated left vertebral artery and unfavorable proximal landing zone using fenestrated castor stent-graft.

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Castor single-branched stent-graft combined with fenestrated technique in treatment of thoracic aortic disease (TAD) with unfavorable proximal landing area (PLZ) and isolated left vertebral artery (ILVA).

Methods: From January 2018 to March 2022, 8 patients with TAD (6 patients with type B aortic dissections, 1 patient with type B intramural hematomas, and 1 patient with thoracic aortic aneurysm) underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair with fenestrated Castor stent-graft due to the existence of ILVA and unfavorable PLZ. Demographic characteristics, surgical details, postoperative complications, follow-up and postoperative CTA imaging results were collected and analyzed.