Gintonin upregulates cytokine production and expression of NKp30, NKp44 and NKp44 related to natural killer cell activity on immunosuppressive rat.

The objective of the study is to estimate the potential of gintonin, as an immune enhancing agent through natural killer cell (NK cell) activity in cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressive animals. Accumulated results reveals that, gintonin attenuated CY-induced immunosuppression and it might modulate NK cell activity to boost the immunity.

Arthroscopic Linear Chain Fixation for the Treatment of Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear: A Case Study.

Background: The repair and reconstruction of medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) is an important issue in the field of orthopedic sports medicine. This study reports the first application of arthroscopic linear chain fixation for the treatment of MMPRTs.

Case Presentation: A 78-year-old female patient presented with a 1.

Medial Compartment Decompression by Fibular Osteotomy to Treat Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study.

Compared with high tibial osteotomy and total knee arthroplasty, the authors found a simpler surgical procedure, partial fibular osteotomy, could effectively relieve knee pain and also correct the varus deformity for patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA). From January 1996 to April 2012, a total of 156 patients with medial compartment OA were treated by proximal fibular osteotomy in the authors' hospital. A 2-cm-long section of fibula was resected 6 to 10 cm below the fibular head.

Prospective randomized comparison of knee stability and joint degeneration for double- and single-bundle ACL reconstruction.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the outcome of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using an allograft in comparison with ACL reconstruction using a double-bundle autograft or a single-bundle allograft.

Methods: A total of 424 patients who accepted primary ACL reconstructions were divided randomly into three groups: double-bundle technique with autograft (DB-AU group, n = 154), double-bundle technique with allograft (DB-AL group, n = 128), and single-bundle technique with allograft (SB group, n = 142). The KT-1000 arthrometer and pivot-shift tests were performed at 3, 12, and 36 months after surgery, and clinical outcome measurements include the Lysholm score and the IKDC rating scales.

Identification of differently expressed genes and small molecule drugs for Tetralogy of Fallot by bioinformatics strategy.

This study aimed to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and explore small molecule drugs for Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The gene expression profile of TOF GSE26125 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 16 idiopathic TOF samples and five healthy controls. The DEGs were identified by the Limma package in R language and underwent functional enrichment analysis via Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery tools.

The application of on-pump beating-heart surgery for partial atrioventricular septal defect: a report of 87 cases.

Background: Partial atrioventricular septal defect (P-AVSD) is a common congenital heart disease. Because of the presence of left and right atrioventricular valve deformities and the shift in the atrioventricular node and cardiac conduction bundle, the surgical repair of P-AVSD is difficult. This study was performed to compare the effects on the coronary sinus septum in the left versus the right atrium during surgical treatment for P-AVSD and report our experiences regarding the application of on-pump beating heart surgery under mild hypothermia for patients with P-AVSD.

Medial retinaculum plasty versus medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar instability in adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of medial retinaculum plasty (MRP) and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) with concomitant lateral retinacular release with respect to imaging and functional results.

Methods: Seventy patients with recurrent patellar instability were randomly divided into 2 groups based on their birth years (even/odd), receiving either MRP or MPFLR. Lateral retinacular release was also performed in all patients.

Medial patellar retinaculum plasty versus medial capsule reefing for patellar dislocation in children and adolescents.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of medial patellar retinaculum plasty for children and adolescent patients with patellar dislocation.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was performed between October 2005 and December 2009. Sixty-one cases of children and adolescent patients with patellar dislocation were admitted to our study.

Application of triangular vector to functionally reconstruct the medial collateral ligament with double-bundle allograft technique.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present a novel medial collateral ligament (MCL) reconstruction technique and investigate the clinical outcomes of this surgical procedure.

Methods: From July 2006 to June 2009, 56 patients with medial instability of the knee were treated with MCL reconstruction and followed up for 33 months on average. These patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury was present: 27 patients had isolated MCL injury, whereas 29 patients had combined MCL-ACL injury.

Medial patellar retinaculum plasty versus medial capsule reefing for patellar subluxation in adult.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and functional results of surgical treatment for patellar subluxation.

Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken between October 2004 and April 2009 of 78 cases of patellar subluxation: 40 cases with medial capsule reefing, of which 15 cases had the combination of lateral retinacular release (Group A); and 38 cases with medial patellar retinaculum plasty, of which 12 cases had the combination of lateral retinacular release (Group B). All patients had CT scans available for reviewing congruence angle (CA) with knee flexion at 30 degrees.

Non-surgical treatment for acute patellar dislocation with special emphasis on the MPFL injury patterns.

Purpose: The objective of present study was to propose a new classification for acute MPFL injury, which can help choose optimal treatment method for certain injury type.

Methods: Eighty-five patients with acute patellar dislocation treated non-surgically were retrospectively reviewed. They were assigned into two groups according to the newly introduced classification scheme, which classified MPFL injury into three types: injury in overlap region, injury in non-overlap region and combined injury of both regions.

[Functional reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament with double-bundle allograft technique].

Objective: To discuss a new technique about reconstruction of medial collateral ligament (MCL) with double bundle allograft and to evaluate the short-term clinical efficacy.

Methods: All 53 patients who suffered from valgus instability of the knee were selected. All cases were diagnosed of MCL injury because the medial gap of the knee widened more than 5 mm compared with collateral knee by the stress X-ray, MRI displayed discontinuity of MCL and valgus stress test was positive.

[An experimental study on the basic fibroblast growth factor slow-releasing microsphere for knee osteoarthritis in the rabbit].

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of chitosan-coated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) slow-releasing microspheres on the knee osteoarthritis in the rabbit.

Methods: From November 2008 to July 2009, 54 New Zealand rabbits were divided into 6 groups at random, which were the control group, the model group, the PBS-M group, the bFGF-S group, the 10-bFGF-M group and the 100-bFGF-M group, respectively. The model of knee osteoarthritis was induced by the injection of papain in the rabbit.

Clinicopathological correlation of Krüppel-like factor 5 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and cartilage degeneration in human osteoarthritis.

The present study was designed to investigate the clinicopathological correlation between the expression of KLF5 and MMP-9, which are associated with extracellular matrix degradation and cartilage degeneration in human knee osteoarthritis (OA). Tibiofemoral joint samples from 20 patients with OA, treated with surgery alone, were divided into two groups: 0=no change (NC, n=17), and severe changes with a higher mean score (≥ 3) (SC, n=29). The latter group contains samples with severe damages in cartilages and subchondral bones at medial tibial plateaux.

[Arthroscopic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with six-strand hamstring tendon and patellar tendon allograft].

Objective: To compare the outcome of arthroscopic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with six-strand hamstring tendon and patellar tendon allograft.

Methods: From October 2006 to December 2009, 108 patients with arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed, with 58 patients with six-strand hamstring tendon (Group H), and 50 patients with patellar tendon allograft (Group P). Patients were available for clinical evaluation with KT-1000 arthrometer measurements, Lachman and pivot-shift test, and knee function with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm scores.

[The clinical value of cartilaginous surface and corresponding osseous contour of patellofemoral joint].

Objective: to investigate if the cartilaginous surface and corresponding osseous contour of the patellofemoral joint match in the axial plane for providing theoretical basis with evaluating alignment of patellofemoral joint and designing the part of patellofemoral joint in knee prosthesis.

Methods: from January 2009 to March 2010, 9 human cadaver knees were prepared, which chandra of patellofemoral joint didn't degenerate. Each specimen was sectioned in the axial plane at 20° to 30° knee flax.

Combination of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with vastus medialis advancement for chronic patellar dislocation.

Background: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is popular in clinical practice for chronic patellar dislocation; however, the combination with vastus medialis advancement is rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of the combination of MPFL reconstruction with vastus medialis advancement.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 69 patients with chronic patellar dislocation between July 2004 and October 2008: twenty eight cases with isolated MPFL reconstruction (group I), forty one cases with the combination of MPFL reconstruction with vastus medialis advancement (group C).

[Comparison of clinical results between an isometric and an anatomic technique for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction].

Objective: To compare the clinical results of single-stranded isometric with double-stranded anatomic reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) for recurrent patellar dislocation.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 60 consecutive patients (72 knees) with recurrent patellar dislocation underwent medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction between August 2004 and October 2008, 22 cases (27 knees) with single-stranded isometric reconstruction, 38 cases (45 knees) with double-stranded anatomic reconstruction. Postoperatively patellar stability was examined, and recurrent rate was recorded.

VKORC1-1639G>A, CYP2C9, EPHX1691A>G genotype, body weight, and age are important predictors for warfarin maintenance doses in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses in southwest China.

Objective: To investigate the contribution of genetic polymorphisms of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 gene VKORC1-1639G>A, cytochrome P450 2C9 gene (CYP2C9), EPHXI, and clinical factors to warfarin sensitivity in southwest Chinese Han patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses.

Methods: A total of 127 patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses who have been followed up at our department during the past 23 years were enrolled in this study and compared to a control group that consisted of 133 randomly selected healthy blood donors. These Chinese patients met stable warfarin dosage requirements and had reached the target international normalized ratio (INR) of 1.

Giant primary leiomyoma of the right ventricle.

Echocardiography detected a giant mass on the lateral wall of the right ventricle in a 13-year-old boy. The mass extended into the cavity of right ventricle without attachment to adjacent structures. We resected the mass under cardiopulmonary bypass.

[Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using periosteum wrapped autologous hamstring tendons: clinical research].

Objective: To develop a surgical technique using a periosteal flap wrapped autologous hamstring tendons in ACL reconstruction and to examine its short-term outcome.

Methods: A total of 110 patients (110 knees) were included. The experimental group (n = 52) received ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendons wrapped in periosteum.

Functional bundles of the medial patellofemoral ligament.

The purpose of this study was to explore the anatomy and evaluate the function of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). Anatomical dissection was performed on 12 fresh-frozen knee specimens. The MPFL is a condensation of capsular fibers, which originates at the medial femoral condyle.

[The anatomical study of safe zones of the screw fixations in acetabular revision surgery].

Objective: To evaluate the safe zones of screw fixations of Jumbo cup and reinforcement rings in acetabular revision surgery.

Methods: From December 2006 to January 2008, 11 fresh frozen human cadaver pelvises were prepared by removing all soft tissues except the medial neurovascular structures, each specimen was held in supine position with clamps. The anteroposterior radiographs were taken after the Jumbo cups or reinforcement rings were fixed in places.

Osteoarthritis? Ochronotic arthritis! A case study and review of the literature.

Alkaptonuria is a rare disease in which the body does not have enough of an enzyme called homogentisic acid oxidase. Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint disease. Ochronotic arthritis which resulting from the deposition of oxidized homogentisic acid within the connective tissues of peripheral joints has clinical feature that resembles those of osteoarthritis, but it has a unique manifestation.