SARM1 deletion inhibits astrogliosis and BBB damage through Jagged-1/Notch-1/NF-κB signaling to improve neurological function after ischemic stroke.

Reactive astrogliosis is a critical process in the development of ischemic stroke. However, the precise mechanism by which reactive astrogliosis changes the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke remains elusive. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 protein (SARM1) plays a key role in axonal degeneration and is involved in different cell death programs that regulate neuronal survival.

Sleep Disorders and Constipation in Autistic Children and Youth: Who Receives Standard of Care Drug Treatments?

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective cohort analysis was to investigate sex differences in receipt of standard of care sleep and constipation drug treatments among autistic children and youth with sleep disorder and constipation, respectively.

Methods: We used the data from the OneFlorida + Data Trust to analyze healthcare claims for 19,877 autistic patients with sleep disorder and 32,355 patients with constipation, ages 1 to 22. We used logistic regression to examine sex differences in receiving sleep and constipation treatments, and a multivariate logistic regression model to further assess sex differences in ever receiving sleep and constipation treatments, adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, and urbanicity.

Elucidating The Impact of Community-Level Social Determinants of Health on Pre-operative Frailty: A Data-Driven Study in Florida.

Frailty, an age-related syndrome, is associated with poor post-operative outcomes. The impact of community-level social determinants of health (SDoH) on pre-operative frailty has not been investigated yet. We developed a machine learning model to predict pre-operative frailty using an institutional dataset and applied it to a more geographically diverse population from the OneFlorida+ Clinical Research Consortium.

Identifying Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Through Real-World Data and Social Determinants of Health: Machine Learning Model Development and Validation.

Background: The prevalence of adolescent mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety has significantly increased. Despite the potential of machine learning (ML), there is a shortage of models that use real-world data (RWD) to enhance early detection and intervention for these conditions.

Objective: This study aimed to identify depression and anxiety in adolescents using ML techniques on RWD and social determinants of health (SDoH).

Somatosensory-Thalamic Functional Dysconnectivity Associated With Poststroke Motor Function Rehabilitation: A Resting-State fMRI Study.

Background: The thalamus plays a pivotal role in functional brain networks, yet its contribution to motor function recovery following stroke remains elusive. We aim to explore changes in thalamocortical functional connectivity poststroke and its correlation with motor function.

Methods: Thirty-nine subacute ischemic stroke patients and 32 healthy individuals underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Elderly vulnerability to temperature-related mortality risks in China.

The elderly face elevated mortality risk due to rising temperature. Previous assessments of temperature-related mortality, however, lack a comprehensive analysis of distinct impacts of temperature change across different timescales and characteristics. Using a longitudinal survey of 27,233 elderly Chinese citizens from 2005 to 2018, we establish connections between rising temperatures, temperature variability, and extreme heat with increased mortality risk, assessed through four annual metrics that combine temperature and humidity.

Key Interaction Changes Determine the Activation Process of Human Parathyroid Hormone Type 1 Receptor.

The parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R) plays a crucial role in modulating various physiological functions and is considered an effective therapeutic target for osteoporosis. However, a lack of detailed molecular and energetic information about PTH1R limits our comprehensive understanding of its activation process. In this study, we performed computational simulations to explore key events in the activation process, such as conformational changes in PTH1R, Gs protein coupling, and the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP).

Females are Associated with Lower Risks of Long-Term Mortality in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Background: In patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG), females were reported to have lower rates of in-hospital mortality rate and postoperative atrial fibrillation than males. However, the association between gender and long-term prognosis following OPCABG is rarely reported.

Objective: This study aims to determine if women benefit more from OPCABG than men by comparing the difference in the risk of long-term all-cause mortality in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO).

GPX4 Promoter Hypermethylation Induced by Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Regulates Hepatocytic Ferroptosis.

Background And Aims: Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a key factor in ferroptosis, which is involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, little is known about its role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI). This study aimed to investigate the role of GPX4 methylation in ferroptosis during HIRI.

Analysis of Stroke Burden in China from 1990 to 2021 and Projections for the Next Decade.

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the temporal trends of stroke burden in different age and sex groups in China from 1990 to 2021, including incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and to compare these data with global figures.

Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease database from 1990 to 2021, we analyzed changes in stroke burden in China and globally. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated using Joinpoint software to reflect trends.

Design of a nanozyme-based magnetic nanoplatform to enhance photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy.

The tumor microenvironment, particularly the hypoxic property and glutathione (GSH) overexpression, substantially inhibits the efficacy of cancer therapy. In this article, we present the design of a magnetic nanoplatform (MNPT) comprised of a photosensitizer (Ce6) and an iron oxide (FeO)/manganese oxide (MnO) composite nanozyme. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen (O) radicals produced by light irradiation and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) produced by catalysis, are therapeutic species.

Identifying Potential Factors Associated With Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes: Retrospective Cohort Study Using Machine Learning on Real-World Data.

Background: Racial disparities in COVID-19 incidence and outcomes have been widely reported. Non-Hispanic Black patients endured worse outcomes disproportionately compared with non-Hispanic White patients, but the epidemiological basis for these observations was complex and multifaceted.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the potential reasons behind the worse outcomes of COVID-19 experienced by non-Hispanic Black patients compared with non-Hispanic White patients and how these variables interact using an explainable machine learning approach.

An ensemble deep learning model for predicting minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial peptides against pathogenic bacteria.

The rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates effective alternative therapies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising due to their broad inhibitory effects. This study focuses on predicting the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AMPs against whom-priority pathogens: ATCC 25923, ATCC 25922, and ATCC 27853.

Overexpression of the transcription factor ANAC017 results in a genomes uncoupled phenotype under lincomycin.

Over-expression (OE) lines for the ER-tethered NAC transcription factor ANAC017 displayed de-repression of gun marker genes when grown on lincomycin (lin). RNA-seq revealed that ANAC017OE2 plants constitutively expressed greater than 40% of the genes induced in wild-type with lin treatment, including plastid encoded genes ycf1.2 and the gene cluster ndhH-ndhA-ndhI-ndhG-ndhE-psaC-ndhD, documented as direct RNA targets of GUN1.

Outcomes of Mitral Valve Repair for Posterior Leaflet Prolapse, Anterior Leaflet Prolapse, and Bileaflet Prolapse.

Background: Mitral valve repair (MVr) is an effective treatment for degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR).And the outcomes and repair rates for posterior leaflet prolapse (PLP), anterior leaflet prolapse (ALP), and bileaflet prolapse (BLP) vary. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of mitral valve repair for patients with PLP, ALP, and BLP.

ChatGPT's Role in Gerontology Research.

Background: Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) and other ChatBots have emerged as tools for interacting with information in manners resembling natural human speech. Consequently, the technology is used across various disciplines, including business, education, and even in biomedical sciences. There is a need to better understand how ChatGPT can be used to advance gerontology research.