Neural Determinants of Sedentary Lifestyle in Older Adults: A Brain Network Analysis.

Purpose: The prevalence of sedentary lifestyles (SL), which includes both high volumes of extended sitting behavior and a low volume of steps accumulated across the day, among older adults continues to rise contributing to increases in associated comorbidities and the loss of independence. The social, personal, and economic burdens are enormous. In recognition of the health implications of SL, current public health physical activity guidelines now emphasize the complimentary goals of sitting less by moving more.

Reliable and streamlined model setup for digital twin assessment of fracture healing.

In large animal models of bone fracture repair, postmortem torsional testing is commonly used to assess healing biomechanics. Bending and axial tests are physiologically relevant, but much less commonly performed. Virtual torsional testing using image-based finite element models has been validated to postmortem bench tests, but its predictive value for capturing whole-bone mechanics and fracture healing quality under other physiologically relevant loading modes has not yet been established.

Lessons from an 11-year retrospective cohort study of causing UTI in Imam Hospital Ardabil, Iran.

Background And Objectives: The global problem of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria is due to limited treatment options. This study aimed to examine the prevalence, etiology, and management implications of causing UTI at Imam Hospital Ardabil, Iran.

Materials And Methods: 2340 samples of retrospective data on causing UTIs were collected at Imam Hospital in Ardabil, Iran, spanning from 2012 to 2022.

Contrasting topologies of synchronous and asynchronous functional brain networks.

We generated asynchronous functional networks (aFNs) using a novel method called optimal causation entropy and compared aFN topology with the correlation-based synchronous functional networks (sFNs), which are commonly used in network neuroscience studies. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series from 212 participants of the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence study were used to generate aFNs and sFNs. As a demonstration of how aFNs and sFNs can be used in tandem, we used multivariate mixed effects models to determine whether age interacted with node efficiency to influence connection probabilities in the two networks.

Sensory neuropathy in patients with Pompe disease: a case series in Iran.

Background: Pompe disease is a glycogen storage disease primarily affecting striated muscles. Despite its main manifestation in muscles, patients with Pompe disease may exhibit non-muscle symptoms, such as hearing loss, suggesting potential involvement of sensory organs or the nervous system due to glycogen accumulation.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of concomitant small and large fiber neuropathy in patients with Pompe disease.

Placenta location, a prognostic determinant for the incidence of preeclampsia.

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the complications of pregnancy with uncertain etiology. Nevertheless, it is believed that the condition may arise due to abnormal trophoblastic invasion, resulting in vascular remodeling and increased resistance in the spiral arteries. It is assumed that the location of the placenta might have contributed to the formation of trophoblastic invasion and further placental supply.

Development, implementation, and evaluation of a spiritual health promotion program for mothers of children with acute leukemia based on mobile health: A mixed-methods protocol study.

Background: Considering the importance of the spiritual health promotion of Mothers of Children with Acute Leukemia (MoCwAL), designing a native mobile health (mHealth) application that is compatible with the beliefs, values, and cultural context of Iranian society is essential. This study aims to develop a Spiritual Health Promotion Program (SHPP) for MoCwAL based on a mHealth application, including design, implementation, and evaluation.

Materials And Methods: This is a sequential exploratory mixed-methods study (qual → QUAN).

Recognition memory decline is associated with the progression to prodromal Alzheimer's disease in asymptomatic at-risk individuals.

Episodic memory (EM) alterations are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed EM longitudinally in cognitively normal elders at-risk for AD (with subjective memory complaints), as a function of amyloid-β (Aβ) burden, neurodegeneration (N), and progression to prodromal AD. We stratified 264 INSIGHT-preAD study subjects in controls (Aβ-/N-), stable/N- or N + (Aβ +), and progressors/N- or N + (Aβ +) groups (progressors were included only until AD-diagnosis).

Olive oil protects against cardiac hypertrophy in D-galactose induced aging rats.

Background: Aged heart is defined via structural and mitochondrial dysfunction of the heart. However, there is still no potent compound to improve cardiac function abnormalities in aged individuals. Olive oil (OLO), as an oil with monounsaturated fatty acids, has diverse protective effects on the cardiovascular system, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and mitigating effects on blood pressure.

A review of the current status and future prospects of the bone remodeling process: Biological and mathematical perspectives.

This review dives into the complex dynamics of bone remodeling, combining biological insights with mathematical perspectives to better understand this fundamental aspect of skeletal health. Bone, being a crucial part of our body, constantly renews itself, and with the growing number of individuals facing bone-related issues, research in this field is vital. In this review, we categorized and classified most common mathematical models used to simulate the mechanical behavior of bone under different loading and health conditions, shedding light on the evolving landscape of bone biology.

How nanomaterials act against bacterial structures? a narrative review focusing on nanoparticle molecular mechanisms.

Objective: In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of nanotechnology for the treatment and prevention of biofilm formation and Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). MDR bacteria challenges is hazardous when microorganisms induce the formation of biofilms, which amplify resistance to antibiotics and promote the development of multidrug-resistant conditions. The unique physicochemical properties of certain nanomaterials make nanotechnology a promising option for combating MDR infections.

Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors in Clinical Isolates of from Hospitalized Patients in Tehran, Iran.

causes challenging infections in immunocompromised patients, exhibiting increasing resistance to multiple antimicrobials and possessing various virulence genes, including emerging resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. A total of 80 clinical isolates of were collected from multiple hospitals in Tehran, Iran. This study conducted an analysis of antibiotic susceptibility by disc diffusion method and -test assay, resistance and virulence gene frequencies were examined by PCR-sequencing, and multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) was performed for strain typing.

The Effects of High-Intensity, Short-Duration and Low-Intensity, Long-Duration Hamstrings Static Stretching on Contralateral Limb Performance.

Introduction: Increases in contralateral range of motion (ROM) have been shown following acute high-intensity and high-duration static stretching (SS) with no significant change in contralateral force, power, and muscle activation. There are currently no studies comparing the effects of a high-intensity, short-duration (HISD) or low-intensity, long-duration (LILD) SS on contralateral performance.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine how HISD and LILD SS of the dominant leg hamstrings influence contralateral limb performance.

Veillonella parvula as an anaerobic lactate-fermenting bacterium for inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis through tumor-specific colonization and decrease of tumor's lactate level.

High tumor's lactate level directly associates with high tumor growth, metastasis, and patients' poor prognosis. Therefore, many studies have focused on the decrease of tumor's lactate as a novel cancer treatment. In the present study for the first time, a strictly anaerobic lactate-fermenting bacterium, Veillonella parvula, was employed for the decrease of tumor's lactate level.

Association of mammographic and sonographic findings with prognostic molecular factors and hormone receptor expression in malignant breast lesions.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether mammographic and sonographic features of malignant breast lesions are correlated with tumor histologic grade, hormonal receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 status.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, imaging and histopathological findings of 187 biopsy-proven breast cancer cases from November 2019 to February 2021 were reviewed. The Chi-square test was used to examine the potential correlation between mammographic and sonographic characteristics with histopathological features such as hormonal receptor, HER2 status, Ki-67 labeling index, and histological grade.

The Effects of Static Stretching 2-Hours Prior to a Traditional Warm-Up on Performance.

Whereas prolonged static stretching (SS: >60-seconds per muscle) can increase range of motion (ROM) for up to 2-hours, it can also decrease maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) forces, countermovement (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) heights, and muscle activation immediately after the stretching exercise. When an appropriate SS duration (<60-seconds per muscle) is incorporated into a dynamic warm-up, performance decrements are often trivial. However, there is a lack of studies that observed the effects of extensive SS (180-seconds) 2-hours prior to a dynamic warm-up.

Contrasting topologies of synchronous and asynchronous functional brain networks.

We generated asynchronous functional networks (aFNs) using a novel method called optimal causation entropy (oCSE) and compared aFN topology to the correlation-based synchronous functional networks (sFNs) which are commonly used in network neuroscience studies. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series from 212 participants of the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study were used to generate aFNs and sFNs. As a demonstration of how aFNs and sFNs can be used in tandem, we used multivariate mixed effects models to determine whether age interacted with node efficiency to influence connection probabilities in the two networks.

Cross-Linked Starch as Media for Crystal Violet Elimination from Water: Modeling Batch Adsorption with Fuzzy Regression.

A scalable and cost-effective solution for removing pollutants from water is to use biodegradable and eco-friendly sorbents that are readily available such as starch. The current research explored the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from water using chemically modified potato starch. The adsorbent was prepared by cross-linking potato starch with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP).

Statistical Brain Network Analysis.

The recent fusion of network science and neuroscience has catalyzed a paradigm shift in how we study the brain and led to the field of brain network analysis. Brain network analyses hold great potential in helping us understand normal and abnormal brain function by providing profound clinical insight into links between system-level properties and health and behavioral outcomes. Nonetheless, methods for statistically analyzing networks at the group and individual levels have lagged behind.

Oral and dental health utilization determinants in special health care needs: a systematic review of reviews.

Background: Oral health is essential for overall well-being and can significantly improve quality of life. However, people with special health care needs (SHCN) often face challenges in accessing dental services. This study aimed to systematically review all available evidence on the oral and dental service utilization determinants among these individuals.

Renal Ewing sarcoma with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombosis; A case report.

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare group of undifferentiated tumors that originate from neuroectoderm. Although the overall prognosis is poor, early diagnosis and treatment by a multidisciplinary team with multimodal therapy can improve outcomes. Therefore, we present a 22-year-old female patient with primary renal ES with tumor thrombosis up to the vena cava who had radical nephrectomy and IVC tumor thrombectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy because a preoperative percutaneous biopsy was confirmed the diagnosis.

Self-care behaviors, medication adherence status, and associated factors among elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Elderly individuals face an increased likelihood of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes. Self-care practices and medication adherence play crucial roles in preventing complications and adverse effects of this condition. Therefore, this study aimed to determine self-care behaviors, medication adherence status, and related factors among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Electrospun PCL/PVA/PHMB nanofibers incorporating fruit extract as promising wound dressings with potent antibacterial and antidiabetic properties.

This investigation examined the potential antibacterial and antidiabetic effects of wound dressings created using electrospun nanofibers containing fruit extract (ZJ). These nanofibers were composed of a combination of Polycaprolactone (PCL), Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), and Polyhexamethylene Biguanide (PHMB). The process of creating these nanofibers involved electrospinning.