Haptoglobin phenotype and intensive glycemic control for coronary artery disease risk reduction in people with type two diabetes: The Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial.

Background: Intensive glycemic control reduced the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) events among White ACCORD study participants with the haptoglobin (Hp)2-2 phenotype, and not among participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype. It is unknown whether these results persist in a population with more severe diabetes.

Methods: Haptoglobin phenotype was measured in 1746 (97 %) samples from the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) randomized controlled trial.

Beyond Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Exploring Psychiatric Comorbidities and Their Neuropsychological Consequences in Adults.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the psychiatric comorbidity status of adult patients diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and determine the impact of comorbidities on neuropsychological outcomes in ADHD.

Methods: The study participants were 124 adult patients with ADHD. Clinical psychiatric assessments were performed by two boardcertified psychiatrists in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.

Plasma Serotonin 2A Receptor Autoantibodies Predict Rapid, Substantial Decline in Neurocognitive Performance in Older Adult Veterans with TBI.

Aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was associated with increased plasma serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) autoantibodies in adults who experienced neurodegenerative complications. We tested whether the baseline presence of plasma serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) autoantibodies was a significant predictor of the two-year rate of cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adult TBI.

Methods: Plasma from thirty-five middle-aged and older adult veterans (mean 65 years old) who had suffered traumatic brain injury was subjected to protein-A affinity chromatography.

Understanding of Holding Environment Through the Trajectory of Donald Woods Winnicott.

Personal life and achievements are the process and result of a person's past, present, and future interacting with each other. In this regard, if one fully understands the life and background of the person who developed the theory of psychoanalysis, one can understand and use the theory more appropriately. The holding environment theory developed by Donald Woods Winnicott is useful for understanding the process by which infants grow healthy under the care of a mother who is good enough.

Concept of Synchronized Individuation Based on the Characters in a Movie and a Fairy Tale.

Objectives: Among adolescent development tasks, being independent of parents is an essential process for emotional and physical separation. There are many conflicts of separation and individuation between parents and adolescents; however, most clinicians explore the process of separation and individuation only from adolescents' perspective. Whether simultaneously or sequentially, separation-individuation occurs between adolescents and parents, respectively.

The Concept of Synchronization in the Process of Separation-Individuation Between a Parent and an Adolescent.

Objectives: Humans experience the process of separating-individuating themselves from an object via the conflict between dependence and independence within the self. The separation-individuation theory focuses on the psychological process of individualizing oneself. Although adolescents' individuation from their parents is based on intrapsychic events, there is an increasing need for an intersubjective understanding of it.

Preliminary Report of Validity for the Infant Comprehensive Evaluation for Neurodevelopmental Delay, a Newly Developed Inventory for Children Aged 12 to 71 Months.

Objectives: Early detection of developmental issues in infants and necessary intervention are important. To identify the comorbid conditions, a comprehensive evaluation is required. The study's objectives were to 1) generate scale items by identifying and eliciting concepts relevant to young children (12-71 months) with developmental delays, 2) develop a comprehensive screening tool for developmental delay and comorbid conditions, and 3) assess the tool's validity and cut-off.

Association of low fasting C-peptide levels with cardiovascular risk, visit-to-visit glucose variation and severe hypoglycemia in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).

Aims: Low C-peptide levels, indicating beta-cell dysfunction, are associated with increased within-day glucose variation and hypoglycemia. In advanced type 2 diabetes, severe hypoglycemia and increased glucose variation predict cardiovascular (CVD) risk. The present study examined the association between C-peptide levels and CVD risk and whether it can be explained by visit-to-visit glucose variation and severe hypoglycemia.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Korean Version of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills for Young Adults (PEERS®-YA-K) With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study.

Evidence-based social skills interventions for young adults are limited, despite social difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) persisting after transition to adulthood. The Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills for Young Adults (PEERS®-YA) is an evidence-based intervention found to be effective in improving relational skills in young adults with ASD. To translate the original American version of the PEERS®-YA treatment manual into Korean, intensive interviews were performed.

Combined Medication with Stimulants and Non-stimulants for Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: To study the efficiency and indication of combined medication with a stimulant and non-stimulant for attention-deficiency/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), herein, the authors examined children and adult patients with ADHD.

Methods: Subjects included patients diagnosed with ADHD who paid two or more visits to the outpatient clinic of the Kyung Hee University hospital from January 2009 to December 2019. The authors examined the age, sex, drugs, treatment adherence, and reason for combined medication.

Trends of Mental Disorders and Treatment Continuity Predictors of New Patients in the Paediatric Psychiatry Clinic of a University Hospital.

This study analysed trends of first-time patients visiting the paediatric psychiatry clinic in a university hospital. The medical records from 2009 to 2016 of first-time patients visiting the Kyung Hee University Hospital were reviewed, focusing on children in grades 1-12. We analysed the clinical diagnosis rate of mental disorders per 100,000 in the general population by gender and grade, and the characteristics of patients who sought outpatient care more than three times.

Generalizability of heterogeneous treatment effects based on causal forests applied to two randomized clinical trials of intensive glycemic control.

Purpose Machine learning is an attractive tool for identifying heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) of interventions but generalizability of machine learning derived HTE remains unclear. We examined generalizability of HTE detected using causal forests in two similarly designed randomized trials in type II diabetes patients. Methods We evaluated published HTE of intensive versus standard glycemic control on all-cause mortality from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes study (ACCORD) in a second trial, the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).

Preliminary Study of ADHD Biomarkers in Adults with Focus on Serum Iron and Transcranial Sonography of the Substantia Nigra.

As previous studies have reported abnormalities in the iron indices of peripheral blood and hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN) in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we aimed to examine the same in adults with ADHD using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCS). In addition, we compared the iron indices and TCS findings before and after methylphenidate (MPH) treatment. A total of 39 participants aged ≥19 years (13 patients and 26 healthy controls) were recruited from Kyung Hee University Hospital between October 2018 and September 2019.

Cognitive Developmental Trajectories in Adult ADHD Patients and Controls: A Comparative Study.

Objective: There is an updated conceptualization of whole-lifespan attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), promoted by awareness of probable persistence of impairment into adulthood. We investigated cognition trajectories from adolescence to mid-adulthood in ADHD.

Method: Data of 240 patients with ADHD and 244 healthy controls (HCs) were obtained; clinical symptoms and neuropsychological functions were assessed using the various tests.

Fasting Glucose Variation Predicts Microvascular Risk in ACCORD and VADT.

Aims: The association of glycemic variability with microvascular disease complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been under-studied and remains unclear. We investigated this relationship using both Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) and the Veteran Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).

Methods: In ACCORD, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured 1 to 3 times/year for up to 84 months in 10 251 individuals.

Validity of the Korean Version of DIVA-5: A Semi-Structured Diagnostic Interview for Adult ADHD.

Background: This study was to assess the validity of the Korean version of the semi-structured Diagnostic Interview for Adult ADHD, third edition (DIVA-5). The secondary aim was to compare sociodemographic and psychiatric comorbidities in adult patients with and without a diagnosis of ADHD.

Methods: A total of 279 participants were recruited from nine psychiatric outpatient clinics in Korea.

Patterns of the Diagnosis Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in the Population Aged 0-18 Years Based on the Nationwide Insurance Sample Data.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the trend in diagnostic prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.

Methods: Individuals aged 0-18 years were included in the study based on the National Health Insurance Claims Data. To investigate the trends in diagnosis and diagnostic prevalence of psychiatric disorders reflecting the decrease in the birth rate, data were analyzed from 2010 as a reference year to 2015.