A validated LC-MS/MS method for the determination of tolterodine and its metabolite in rat plasma and application to pharmacokinetic study.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used for simultaneous quantification of tolterodine and its metabolite 5-hydroxy methyl tolterodine in rat plasma. Tolterodine-d6 and 5-hydroxy methyl tolterodine-d14 were used as internal standards (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed on Ascentis Express RP amide (50 mm×4.

Essential oils of Retama raetam from Libya: chemical composition and antimicrobial activity.

Retama raetam (Forssk) Webb & Berthel is well known in the folk medicine of North and East Mediterranean regions for the treatment of microbial infections. The powdered leaves are used to heal circumcision wounds and used as an antiseptic for wounds, skin rash and pruritus. In this study, to validate this antiseptic property, the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the flowers of R.

Large substituent effect on the photochemical rearrangement of 1,6-(N-Aryl)aza-[60]fulleroids to 1,2-(N-Arylaziridino)-[60]fullerenes.

Large substituent effects were observed in the rates and reaction mechanisms of the photochemical rearrangement of N-arylaza-[60]fulleroid 1 to N-arylaziridino-[60]fullerene 2, in which the difference of the rates between the fastest and the slowest (>2160-fold) was attained only by changing the aryl group from 1-naphthyl to 2-naphthyl. The decreasing order of the reaction rates in relation to the substituents was 1-naphthyl (1b) > 1-pyrenyl (1d) > phenyl (1a) > 2-naphthyl (1c). The reactions proceeded via triplet states of the fulleroids and a triplet sensitization of the reaction by rearranged product 2b was observed in the case of 1b.