Update on Pediatric Hemodialysis Adequacy.

The use of high reflux dialyzers to achieve a Kt/V above 1.2 did not improve patient survival in most literature reports. After an electronic search in many sites, guidelines, systematic reviews, and review articles (cited references): We recommend (1) using the equilibrated double-pool, weekly rather than per session, Kt/V, (2) Use of UF-dry weight to avoid V changes, (3) consider protein catabolic Rate (4) Use of double pool to avoid urea generation rebound effect.

Immunosuppressive therapy in children with steroid-resistant, frequently-relapsing, and steroid-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a single center experience.

Introduction: Immunosuppressive agents are recommended for the management of children with steroid-resistant, frequently-relapsing, and steroid-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, i.e., SRNS, FRNS, and SDNS.