Perception of Running Shoe Cushioning: Determining the Correspondence between Subjective Assessment and In-vitro Measurement.

Running shoes, and in particular insoles, are the first interface between runners and running surface. Different insole attenuation properties may vary perception of cushioning and, accordingly, the effect on muscle adaptation. The aim of this study is to find the just noticeable difference between four insole materials, and investigate the parameters of in-vitro measurement of impact testing to predict cushioning comfort.

Sensory Perception of Varied Shoe Masses in Running.

Background: Studies on the sensory perception of mass mostly focus on the hands rather than the feet. The aim of our study is to measure how accurately runners can perceive additional shoe mass in comparison to a control shoe (CS) while running, and moreover, whether there is a learning effect in the perception of mass. Indoor running shoes were categorized as a CS (283 g) and shoes with four additional masses: shoe 2 (+50 g), shoe 3 (+150 g), shoe 4 (+250 g), and shoe 5 (+315 g).

Evaluating the Effect of Shoes with Varying Mass on Vertical Ground Reaction Force Parameters in Short-Term Running.

Past investigations have revealed that running shoes affect ground reaction force parameters. However, these studies are unclear as to whether these changes, which occur while running in different shoe types of differing masses, are the result of the structural design or the mass of the shoe. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of shoe mass on vertical ground reaction force parameters: active peak and impulse.