Purpose: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is the largest longitudinal study on brain development and adolescent health in the United States. The study includes a sociodemographically diverse cohort of nearly 12,000 youth born 2005-2009, with an open science model of making data rapidly available to the scientific community. The ABCD Study® data has been used in over 1100 peer-reviewed publications since its first data release in 2018.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdolescent substance use is common with 11% to 31% of adolescents in 8th through 12th grade reporting illicit substance use. Of particular concern is the increasing rate of overdose deaths among adolescents. The likelihood of developing a substance use disorder (SUD) is linearly associated with frequency of use and inversely associated with age, such that young people with early onset of use are the most susceptible for later dependence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn our inaugural year as , we are proud to support the dissemination of some of the highest quality research being conducted in our field. Choosing the "best" among stars is a tall order and most certainly misses the many ways articles make an impact: is the "best" the most interesting, most surprising, most educational, most important, most provocative, or most enjoyable? How to decide? This time around, we made some picks based on those that were methodologically rigorous and clinically salient. It is our pleasure to give a special "hats off" to the 2023 articles that we think deserve your attention or at least a second read!
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA critical piece in the launch of is the establishment of a high-quality and robust peer review process for incoming submissions. Indeed, peer review is the backbone of our scientific process. Here, we will discuss the importance of peer review, describe the process as we are expanding the journal family, and explain why and how you can be involved in the peer review process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
December 2024
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
August 2024
Discrimination and structural factors that promote discrimination and sociocultural inequities are social determinants of health that contribute to poorer health outcomes among minoritized youth. Discrimination consists of institutional or individual-level biases leading to disparate and unequitable access to resources. If individuals are aware of these experiences and their impact on one's own ability to access resources or opportunities, individuals may self-report these occurrences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: There is a critical global shortage of nurses in mental health, with workforce attrition due in large part to workplace stressors. Proactive strengths-based interventions to strengthen nurses' capacity to manage stress and improve mental health, wellbeing and resilience may also support workforce retention.
Objective: To determine the effects of a resilience-building programme on mental health nurses' coping self-efficacy (primary outcome), and psychological distress, wellbeing, resilience, posttraumatic growth, emotional intelligence behaviours, workplace belonging, and turnover intention (secondary outcomes).
Youth screen media activity is a growing concern, though few studies include objective usage data. Through the longitudinal, U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Stroke affects long-term physical and cognitive function; many survivors report unmet health needs, such as pain or depression. A hospital-led follow-up service designed to address ongoing health problems may avoid unplanned readmissions and improve quality of life.
Methods: This paper outlines the protocol for a registry-based, randomised controlled trial with allocation concealment of participants and outcome assessors.
Background And Aims: The precise roles of screen media activity (SMA) and sleep problems in relation to child/adolescent psychopathology remain ambiguous. We investigated temporal relationships among sleep problems, SMA, and psychopathology and potential involvement of thalamus-prefrontal-cortex (PFC)-brainstem structural covariation.
Methods: This study utilized data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n = 4,641 ages 9-12) at baseline, Year1, and Year2 follow-up.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
December 2023
This review has two primary objectives: (1) to offer a balanced examination of recent findings on the relationship between screen media activity (SMA) in young individuals and outcomes such as sleep patterns, mood disturbances, anxiety-related concerns, and cognitive processes; and (2) to introduce a novel multi-level system model that integrates these findings, resolves contradictions in the literature, and guides future studies in examining key covariates affecting the SMA-mental health relationship. Key findings include: (1) Several meta-analyses reveal a significant association between SMA and mental health issues, particularly anxiety and depression, including specific negative effects linked to prolonged screen time; (2) substantial evidence indicates that SMA has both immediate and long-term impacts on sleep duration and quality; (3) the relationship between SMA and cognitive functioning is complex, with mixed findings showing both positive and negative associations; and (4) the multifaceted relationship between SMA and various aspects of adolescent life is influenced by a wide range of environmental and contextual factors. SMA in youth is best understood within a complex system encompassing individual, caregiver, school, peer, and environmental factors, as framed by Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which identifies five interrelated systems (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem) that influence development across both proximal and distal levels of the environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The critical role that middle managers play in enacting organisational culture change designed to address unprofessional co-worker behaviours has gone largely unexplored. We aimed to explore middle managers' perspectives on i) whether they speak up when they or their team members experience unprofessional behaviours (UBs); ii) how concerns are handled; iii) the outcomes; and iv) the role of a professional accountability culture change program (known as Ethos) in driving change.
Methods: Qualitative, constructivist approach.
Rationale: Delivering optimal patient health care requires interdisciplinary clinician communication. A single communication tool across multiple pre-hospital and hospital settings, and between hospital departments is a novel solution to current systems. Fit-for-purpose, secure smartphone applications allow clinical information to be shared quickly between health providers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Internationally, Mobile Stroke Unit (MSU) ambulances have changed pre-hospital acute stroke care delivery. MSU clinical and cost-effectiveness studies are emerging, but little is known about important factors for achieving sustainability of this innovative model of care.
Methods: Mixed-methods study from the Melbourne MSU (operational since November 2017) process evaluation.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
August 2023
Background: There is a growing body of research evidence to guide acute stroke care. Receiving care in a stroke unit improves access to recommended evidence-based therapies and patient outcomes. However, even in stroke units, evidence-based recommendations are inconsistently delivered by healthcare workers to patients with stroke.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith the launch of , we are thrilled to join the JAACAP family of journals and to facilitate expanded access to science generated in our field. We hope you are enjoying freely accessing, reading, and sharing the articles that we have published in thus far. Our journal family aims to promote the well-being of children and families globally by publishing original research and papers of theoretical, scientific, and clinical relevance to the field of child and adolescent mental health that are openly available for broad readership.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Unprofessional behaviour among hospital staff is common. Such behaviour negatively impacts on staff wellbeing and patient outcomes. Professional accountability programs collect information about unprofessional staff behaviour from colleagues or patients, providing this as informal feedback to raise awareness, promote reflection, and change behaviour.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
July 2023
Adolescent substance use is an important public health issue, with 15% of eighth graders (ages 13-14) reporting past-year cannabis use, 26% reporting alcohol use, and 23% reporting vaping nicotine in recent national surveys. Among youth and young adults in need of mental health services, co-occurring substance misuse is a topic of particular importance. This is particularly evident in special populations, such as youth in juvenile detention, youth living in rural communities, and youth in residential or foster care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Social determinants of health (SDoHs) are nonmedical factors that significantly impact health and longevity. We found no published reviews on the biology of SDoHs in schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorders (SSPD).
Study Design: We present an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and neurobiological processes plausibly involved in the effects of major SDoHs on clinical outcomes in SSPD.