Does Dietary Sodium Alginate with Low Molecular Weight Affect Growth, Antioxidant System, and Haemolymph Parameters and Alleviate Cadmium Stress in Whiteleg Shrimp ()?

Decreasing low molecular weight can improve the digestibility and availability of ingredients such as sodium alginate. This study aimed to test the four dosages of low molecular weight sodium alginate (LMWSA) (0%: Control, 0.05%: 0.

Effects of lidocaine incorporation (without epinephrine) on pain and 2-week complications of botulinum toxin: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

No study has assessed the effects of the incorporation of isolated lidocaine into botulinum toxin for reducing its pain or complications. Studies on the dilution of botulinum toxin with other materials are as well extremely few, small, and limited methodologically. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the effects of the incorporation of lidocaine alone into botulinum toxin type A on post-injection pain and complications.

Extracellular biogenesis, isolation, manipulation and genetic engineering for potential and therapeutics: An overview.

The main goals of medicine consist of early detection and effective treatment of different diseases. In this regard, the rise of exosomes as carriers of natural biomarkers has recently attracted a lot of attention and managed to shed more light on the future of early disease diagnosis methods. Here, exosome biogenesis, its role as a biomarker in metabolic disorders, and recent advances in state-of-art technologies for exosome detection and isolation will be reviewed along with future research directions and challenges regarding the manipulation and genetic engineering of exosomes for potential and disease diagnosis approaches.

Genetic species identification and population structure of grouper (Hamilton, 1822) collected from fish markets along the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea.

Many ecologically important and valuable fisheries marine species have been misidentified in terms of both the statistical data and market demand. Correct identification at the species level and the population genetic structure of the orange-spotted grouper (), a precious fish in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, was tested using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (DNA barcoding) and D-loop sequencing. The results revealed that the species found in the region, including , , , and were all mistakenly grouped together and identified as only .

Effects of dietary taurine amino acid on growth performance, mucosal and immune response, gene expression and antioxidant defence of asian seabass (Lates calcarifer).

Background: The enhancement of fish immune system and growth performance throughout the administration of bio-friendly agents such as diet supplements (taurine) is considered a promising alternative in farmed aquatic species.

Materials And Methods: The present study was aimed to examine the effect of supplementation of dietary taurine (0, 5 g-TAU5 and 10 g-TAU10) in crystalline form (99% purity) in L. calcarifer juveniles, taking into account growth performance, general health indices and immune related-genes mRNA transcript abundance.

The Combined Effects of Propionic Acid and a Mixture of Bacillus spp. Probiotic in a Plant Protein-Rich Diet on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immune-Related Genes mRNA Transcript Abundance in Lates calcarifer Fry.

A 7-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of propionic acid (PA, 5 or 10 g/kg) and a multi-strain Bacillus spp. (Bacillus subtilis IS02 (accession no. JN856456) and B.

Investigation of halloysite nanotubes and Schiff base combination with deposited copper iodide nanoparticles as a novel heterogeneous catalytic system.

The design, preparation and characterization of a novel composite based on functionalization of halloysite nanoclay with Schiff base followed by immobilization of copper iodide as nanoparticles is revealed. This novel nano composite was fully characterized by utilization of FTIR, SEM/EDX, TGA, XRD and BET techniques. This Cu(I) NPs immobilized onto halloysite was successfully examined as a heterogeneous, thus easily recoverable and reusable catalyst in one of classist organic name reaction so-called "Click Reaction".

Effect of Dietary Lactobacillus casei on Physiometabolic Responses and Liver Histopathology in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) After Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.

A 60-day feeding trial was performed to assess the dietary effect of Lactobacillus casei as a probiotic supplement on some serum biochemical parameters and liver histopathology in common carp fry after exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles (IoNPs). Six treatments were prepared as follows: control (no IoNP exposure and no dietary probiotic), P6: 10 CFU/g probiotic diet, P7: 10 CFU/g probiotic diet, NPs: 0.15 mg/l IoNPs, NPs + P6: 0.

Cardiotoxicity and cardiac monitoring following the use of radiotheranostics agents including 177Lu-PSMA for prostate cancer and 177Lu-DOTATATE for neuroendocrine tumors.

Background:  The aim of this study was to determine the probable cardiotoxicity following radionuclide therapy (RNT), specifically peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with Lu-DOTATATE and radioligand therapy (RLT) with Lu-PSMA by evaluation of serum troponin I and cardiac profile change during a follow-up time.

Materials And Methods:  Patients with prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) referred for PRRT and RLT, respectively, were enrolled in this study. The cardiac profiles of the patients were evaluated by a cardiologist and a cardiac history was obtained from all patients.

Assessment of early oxidative stress following the use of radiotheranostics agents 177Lu-PSMA for prostate cancer and 177Lu-DOTATATE for neuroendocrine tumors; radioprotective effect of vitamin C.

Background: We aimed first to evaluate the early oxidative stress following radionuclide therapy (RNT) with 177Lu-PSMA and 177Lu-DOTATATE and second to evaluate the protective effect of vitamin C on oxidative stress.

Materials And Methods: Prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients referred to therapy with 177Lu-PSMA and 177Lu-DOTATATE, respectively, were enrolled in this study. The patients divided into the control group underwent routine RNT without any intervention and the intervention group was asked to take effervescent tablets (500 mg) of vitamin C for two days prior to the RNT (three tablets per day).

Effects of dietary supplementation of bovine lactoferrin on antioxidant status, immune response and disease resistance of yellowfin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus) against Vibrio harveyi.

This study investigated the effect of the dietary supplementation of bovine lactoferrin (LF) on growth performance, hematological and immunological parameters, antioxidant enzymes activity and disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi in yellowfin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus) fingerling. The fish with initial body weight 10 ± 0.3 g were randomly distributed at 10 fish per each 250 L fiberglass tank, and fed with four experimental diets (a control basal diet and three supplemented diets with 400, 800 and 1200 mg LF kg diet) for 8 weeks.

Low oxygen tension promotes invasive ability and embryo implantation rate.

Low oxygen concentrations during in vitro embryo development not only improving the embryo quality but also can lead to successful implantation. Yet, there is no investigation at the molecular level to indicate the association between increased implantation rate and invasive ability of blastocyst and its inner cell mass quality with in vitro culture under a hypoxic condition. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate blastocyst formation, total cell number, hatching and implantation rates.

Celecoxib for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas.

Background: Studies showing that drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) reduce the number of colorectal adenomas in animals and patients with familial adenomatous polyposis suggest that COX-2 inhibitors may also prevent sporadic colorectal neoplasia.

Methods: We randomly assigned patients who had adenomas removed before study entry to receive placebo (679 patients) or 200 mg (685 patients) or 400 mg (671 patients) of celecoxib twice daily. Randomization was stratified for the use of low-dose aspirin.

Comparative chemopreventive mechanisms of green tea, black tea and selected polyphenol extracts measured by in vitro bioassays.

Black tea extracts (hot aqueous, polyphenols and theaflavins) and green tea extracts (hot aqueous, polyphenols, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate) were tested in nine standardized cell culture assays for comparative cancer chemopreventive properties. Most black and green tea extracts strongly inhibited neoplastic transformation in mouse mammary organ cultures, rat tracheal epithelial cells and human lung tumor epithelial cells. Nearly all tea fractions strongly inhibited benzo[a]pyrene adduct formation with human DNA.

A quantitative structure-toxicity relationships model for the dermal sensitization guinea pig maximization assay.

We have developed quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) models for assessing dermal sensitization using guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) results. The models are derived from 315 carefully evaluated chemicals. There are two models, one for aromatics (excluding one-benzene-ring compounds), and the other for aliphatics and one-benzene-ring compounds.

Strategy and planning for chemopreventive drug development: clinical development plans II.

This is the second publication of Clinical Development Plans from the National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Chemoprevention Branch and Agent Development Committee. The Clinical Development Plans summarize the status of promising chemopreventive agents regarding evidence for safety and chemopreventive efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. They also contain the strategy for further development of these drugs, addressing pharmacodynamics, drug effect measurements, intermediate biomarkers for monitoring efficacy, toxicity, supply and formulation, regulatory approval, and proposed clinical trials.

Use of in vitro assays to predict the efficacy of chemopreventive agents in whole animals.

Five in vitro assays have been applied to screen the efficacy of potential chemopreventive agents. These assays measure a) inhibition of morphological transformation in rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells, b) inhibition of anchorage independence in human lung tumor (A427) cells, c) inhibition of hyperplastic alveolar nodule formation in mouse mammary organ cultures (MMOC), d) inhibition of anchorage independence in mouse JB6 epidermal cells, and e) the inhibition of calcium tolerance in human foreskin epithelial cells. The efficacy of many of these same agents in whole animal studies of lung, colon, mammary gland, skin, and urinary bladder carcinogenesis has also been measured.

Preclinical efficacy evaluation of potential chemopreventive agents in animal carcinogenesis models: methods and results from the NCI Chemoprevention Drug Development Program.

In the NCI, Chemoprevention Branch drug development program, potential chemopreventive agents are evaluated for efficacy against chemical carcinogen-induced tumors in animal models. This paper summarizes the results of 144 agents in 352 tests using various animal efficacy models. Of these results, 146 were positive, representing 85 different agents.

Targeting expression of a transforming growth factor beta 1 transgene to the pregnant mammary gland inhibits alveolar development and lactation.

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) possesses highly potent, diverse and often opposing cell-specific activities, and has been implicated in the regulation of a variety of physiologic and developmental processes. To determine the effects of in vivo overexpression of TGF-beta 1 on mammary gland function, transgenic mice were generated harboring a fusion gene consisting of the porcine TGF-beta 1 cDNA placed under the control of regulatory elements of the pregnancy-responsive mouse whey-acidic protein (WAP) gene. Females from two of four transgenic lines were unable to lactate due to inhibition of the formation of lobuloalveolar structures and suppression of production of endogenous milk protein.