Identification of f.a., sp. nov. and large indels in the rRNA cistron that split the genus.

Yeast strains representing a novel asexual ascomycetous species were isolated from seven flowers. Sequencing of the chromosomal regions coding for the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit ribosomal RNA, the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 segments and parts of the gene coding for the small subunit ribosomal RNA showed that the isolates were conspecific.

Gene Expression Profiling in Pediatric Appendicitis.

Importance: Appendicitis is the most common indication for urgent surgery in the pediatric population, presenting across a range of severity and with variable complications. Differentiating simple appendicitis (SA) and perforated appendicitis (PA) on presentation may help direct further diagnostic workup and appropriate therapy selection, including antibiotic choice and timing of surgery.

Objective: To provide a mechanistic understanding of the differences in disease severity of appendicitis with the objective of developing improved diagnostics and treatments, specifically for the pediatric population.

Persistence is key: unresolved immune dysfunction is lethal in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 sepsis.

Introduction: Severe COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pulmonary sepsis share pathophysiological, immunological, and clinical features, suggesting that severe COVID-19 is a form of viral sepsis. Our objective was to identify shared gene expression trajectories strongly associated with eventual mortality between severe COVID-19 patients and contemporaneous non-COVID-19 sepsis patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) for potential therapeutic implications.

Methods: Whole blood was drawn from 20 COVID-19 patients and 22 non-COVID-19 adult sepsis patients at two timepoints: ICU admission and approximately a week later.

Post-COVID symptoms are associated with endotypes reflecting poor inflammatory and hemostatic modulation.

Introduction: Persistent symptoms after COVID-19 infection ("long COVID") negatively affects almost half of COVID-19 survivors. Despite its prevalence, its pathophysiology is poorly understood, with multiple host systems likely affected. Here, we followed patients from hospital to discharge and used a systems-biology approach to identify mechanisms of long COVID.

f.a., sp. nov., a new yeast species isolated from the gut of the wood-feeding termite sp.

The gut of xylophagous insects such as termites harbours various symbiotic micro-organisms, including many yeast species. In a taxonomic study of gut-associated yeasts, two strains (ATS2.16 and ATS2.

Facilitating systems-level analyses of all-cause and Covid-mediated sepsis through SeptiSearch, a manually-curated compendium of dysregulated gene sets.

Background: Sepsis is a dysfunctional host response to infection. The syndrome leads to millions of deaths annually (19.7% of all deaths in 2017) and is the cause of most deaths from severe Covid infections.

Severe COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 severe sepsis converge transcriptionally after a week in the intensive care unit, indicating common disease mechanisms.

Introduction: Severe COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pulmonary sepsis share pathophysiological, immunological, and clinical features. To what extent they share mechanistically-based gene expression trajectories throughout hospitalization was unknown. Our objective was to compare gene expression trajectories between severe COVID-19 patients and contemporaneous non-COVID-19 severe sepsis patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Predicting severity in COVID-19 disease using sepsis blood gene expression signatures.

Severely-afflicted COVID-19 patients can exhibit disease manifestations representative of sepsis, including acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. We hypothesized that diagnostic tools used in managing all-cause sepsis, such as clinical criteria, biomarkers, and gene expression signatures, should extend to COVID-19 patients. Here we analyzed the whole blood transcriptome of 124 early (1-5 days post-hospital admission) and late (6-20 days post-admission) sampled patients with confirmed COVID-19 infections from hospitals in Quebec, Canada.

Gene Expression Profiling: Identification of Novel Pathways and Potential Biomarkers in Severe Acute Pancreatitis.

Background: Determining the risk of developing severe acute pancreatitis (AP) on presentation to hospital is difficult but vital to enable early management decisions that reduce morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine global gene expression profiles of patients with different acute pancreatitis severity to identify genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of severe AP.

Study Design: AP patients (n = 87) were recruited within 24 hours of admission to the Emergency Department and were confirmed to exhibit at least 2 of the following features: (1) abdominal pain characteristic of AP, (2) serum amylase and/or lipase more than 3-fold the upper laboratory limit considered normal, and/or (3) radiographically demonstrated AP on CT scan.

Nakazawaea odontotermitis f.a., sp. nov., a novel yeast isolated from the gut of Odontotermes horni in India.

Three strains, SMT1.3, SMT1.10, and SMT2.

Predicting sepsis severity at first clinical presentation: The role of endotypes and mechanistic signatures.

Background: Inter-individual variability during sepsis limits appropriate triage of patients. Identifying, at first clinical presentation, gene expression signatures that predict subsequent severity will allow clinicians to identify the most at-risk groups of patients and enable appropriate antibiotic use.

Methods: Blood RNA-Seq and clinical data were collected from 348 patients in four emergency rooms (ER) and one intensive-care-unit (ICU), and 44 healthy controls.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284-1382.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from coastal sea sand. , on soil, on dead wood, from roots and leaves of and from capsules of , (incl. gen.

Compost as an untapped niche for thermotolerant yeasts capable of high-temperature ethanol production.

Efficient bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass requires thermotolerant yeasts capable of utilizing multiple sugars, tolerating inhibitors and fermenting at high temperatures. In this study, 98 thermotolerant yeasts were isolated from nine compost samples. We selected 37 yeasts that belonged to 11 species; 31 grew at 45°C; 6 strains grew at 47°C, while 9 yeasts could utilize multiple sugars.

Bioprospecting thermotolerant yeasts from distillery effluent and molasses for high-temperature ethanol production.

Aims: Isolation, characterization and assessment of inhibitor tolerance of thermotolerant yeasts associated with distillery effluent and molasses, and their use in high-temperature ethanol production from alkali-treated rice straw.

Methods And Results: A total of 92 thermotolerant yeasts were isolated from seven different distillery effluent and molasses samples. Based on MSP-PCR, 34 yeasts were selected and identified by sequencing the D1/D2 domain of LSU rDNA.

A Rare Stinkhorn Fungus Attract by Producing Chemical Attractants.

was found growing in association with plants at Savitribai Phule Pune University campus in India. The species identity was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and LSU regions of rDNA, wherein, our fugus was placed along with in phylogenetic tree. It represents first record of from India.

Differential Physiological Prerequisites and Gene Expression Profiles of Conidial Anastomosis Tube and Germ Tube Formation in .

The conidia of a hemibiotrophic fungus, , can conventionally form a germ tube (GT) and develop into a fungal colony. Under certain conditions, they tend to get connected through a conidial anastomosis tube (CAT) to share the nutrients. CAT fusion is believed to be responsible for the generation of genetic variations in few asexual fungi, which appears problematic for effective fungal disease management.

Rhodotorula sampaioana f.a., sp. nov., a novel red yeast of the order Sporidiobolales isolated from Argentina and India.

A set of four strains representing a novel basidiomycetous yeast species Rhodotorula sampaioana f. a., sp.

An Overview of Biological and Computational Methods for Designing Mechanism-Informed Anti-biofilm Agents.

Bacterial biofilms are complex and highly antibiotic-resistant aggregates of microbes that form on surfaces in the environment and body including medical devices. They are key contributors to the growing antibiotic resistance crisis and account for two-thirds of all infections. Thus, there is a critical need to develop anti-biofilm specific therapeutics.

Quorum sensing-mediated inter-specific conidial anastomosis tube fusion between Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. siamense.

Many plant pathogenic filamentous fungi undergo fusion of conidia through conidial anastomosis tubes (CATs), which is believed to facilitate horizontal gene transfer between species. We discovered a remarkable inter-specific CAT fusion between two important plant fungal pathogens Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. siamense.

In Vitro Assessment of Probiotic Potential of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae DABRP5 Isolated from Bollo Batter, a Traditional Goan Fermented Food.

Bollo is a traditional Goan fermented food in which coarse wheat/wheat and finger millet is leavened with toddy. We here isolated 42 yeast strains from Bollo batter. Initial screening of the isolates with probiotic properties yielded four yeast isolates (DABRP1, DABRP2, DABRP5 and DABRP12).

Xylanolytic and Ethanologenic Potential of Gut Associated Yeasts from Different Species of Termites from India.

Xylophagous termites are capable of degrading lignocellulose by symbiotic gut microorganisms along with the host's indigenous enzymes. Therefore, the termite gut might be a potential niche to obtain natural yeasts with celluloytic, xylanolytic and ethanologenic traits required for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we cultured 79 yeasts from three different termites , and .

Systems Biology Approaches to Understanding the Human Immune System.

Systems biology is an approach to interrogate complex biological systems through large-scale quantification of numerous biomolecules. The immune system involves >1,500 genes/proteins in many interconnected pathways and processes, and a systems-level approach is critical in broadening our understanding of the immune response to vaccination. Changes in molecular pathways can be detected using high-throughput omics datasets (e.

The Stringent Stress Response Controls Proteases and Global Regulators under Optimal Growth Conditions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The bacterial stringent stress response, mediated by the signaling molecule guanosine tetraphosphate, ppGpp, has recently gained attention as being important during normal cellular growth and as a potential new therapeutic target, which warrants detailed mechanistic understanding. Here, we used intracellular protein tracking in PAO1, which indicated that RelA was bound to the ribosome, while SpoT localized at the cell poles. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to investigate the transcriptome of a ppGpp-deficient strain under nonstressful, nutrient-rich broth conditions where the mutant grew at the same rate as the parent strain.

sp. nov., isolated from flies feeding on a stinkhorn mushroom.

The majority of species have been isolated from fungus-feeding insects and particularly from the gut of beetles. In the present study, seven yeast strains were isolated from the gut of species feeding on gleba, the spore-bearing inner mass, of a stinkhorn mushroom belonging to the family . Based on phenotypic, biochemical characterization and sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, two of these yeast strains, DGY3 and DGY4, represented a novel species of the genus .