Association between low total serum testosterone and body mass index in Australian survivors of testicular cancer: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Primary hypogonadism is a recognised complication in survivors of testicular cancer. However, secondary hypogonadism can result from other causes that suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, including obesity, high dose glucocorticoids, chronic end organ failure, and diabetes. The aim of this study was to explore low total serum testosterone in Australian survivors of testicular cancer and examine associations with body mass index, age, and prior chemotherapy use.

Role for a Web-Based Intervention to Alleviate Distress in People With Newly Diagnosed Testicular Cancer: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Distress is common immediately after diagnosis of testicular cancer. It has historically been difficult to engage people in care models to alleviate distress because of complex factors, including differential coping strategies and influences of social gender norms. Existing support specifically focuses on long-term survivors of testicular cancer, leaving an unmet need for age-appropriate and sex-sensitized support for individuals with distress shortly after diagnosis.

Real-world first-line systemic therapy patterns in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Introduction: Several systemic therapies have demonstrated a survival advantage in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Access to these medications varies significantly worldwide. In Australia until recently, patients must have received docetaxel first, unless unsuitable for chemotherapy, despite no evidence suggesting superiority over androgen receptor signalling inhibitors (ARSIs).

Real-world use of first-generation antiandrogens: impact on patient outcomes and subsequent therapies in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Objectives: To investigate the recent real-world use of first-generation antiandrogens (FGAs) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) using a retrospective multicentre cohort study.

Patients And Methods: The electronic CRPC Australian Database (ePAD) was interrogated to identify patients with mCRPC. Clinicopathological features, treatment and outcome data, stratified by FGA use, were retrieved and reported through descriptive statistics.

E-cigarette use and combustible tobacco cigarette smoking uptake among non-smokers, including relapse in former smokers: umbrella review, systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To review and summarise the current evidence on the uptake of combustible cigarette smoking following e-cigarette use in non-smokers-including never-smokers, people not currently smoking and past smokers-through an umbrella review, systematic review and meta-analysis.

Design: Umbrella review, systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychINFO (Ovid), Medline (Ovid) and Wiley Cochrane Library up to April 2020.

Prevention of Low Cardiac Output Syndrome After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Pilot Study Comparing Dobutamine and Milrinone.

Objectives: Dobutamine and milrinone are commonly used after open-heart surgery to prevent or treat low cardiac output syndrome. We sought to compare efficacy and safety of these drugs in pediatric patients.

Design: Prospective, single-center, double-blinded, randomized clinical pilot study.

Involvement of parents in critical incidents in a neonatal-paediatric intensive care unit.

Background: With more liberal visiting hours in paediatric intensive care practice, parents' presence at the bedside has increased. Parents may thus become involved in critical incidents as contributors or detectors of critical incidents or they may be affected by critical incidents.

Methods: Voluntary, anonymous, non-punitive critical incident reporting system.

Impact of normal saline infusion on postoperative metabolic acidosis.

Background: Standard base excess (SBE) is an important parameter for guiding fluid management in postoperative metabolic acidosis. However, individual SBE components, notably the chloride effect (Cl(eff)), provide valuable additional information. Cl(eff) is the deviation of the strong ion difference (SID) from normal caused by chloride loss or increase and represents the effect on SBE of an abnormal chloride-sodium ratio.

Early enteral feeding in conservatively managed stage II necrotizing enterocolitis is associated with a reduced risk of catheter-related sepsis.

Aims: To compare the effect of fasting period duration on complication rates in neonates managed conservatively for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) Bell stage II.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter study to analyze retrospectively multiple data collected by standardized questionnaire on all admissions for NEC between January 2000 and December 2006. NEC was staged using modified Bell criteria.

Oxygen extraction index measured by near infrared spectroscopy--a parameter for monitoring tissue oxygenation?

The objective was to assess the ability of near infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS) to detect changes in tissue oxygenation due to alterations in oxygen delivery. Ten hemodynamically stable preterm neonates with a median gestational age of 27.9 weeks (range 25.

[A challenge in spite of acceptance - how mothers of newborn babies with a "cleft" experience the transition from the hospital back home].

There is almost no empirical data about how mothers of newborn babies with a cleft lip and/or palate manage the transition from the hospital to home. This qualitative study therefore focuses on the experiences of mothers of newborn babies with a cleft lip and palate. Two problem-oriented interviews were conducted with five women.

Feeding problems in preterm infants of preeclamptic mothers.

Aim: Maternal disease can cause prematurity and neonatal complications, notably feeding problems. To determine the relationship between maternal disease and the nature and severity of neonatal feeding problems, we compared feeding profiles, time to demand feeding and length of hospital stay between preterm infants of preeclamptic mothers, mothers with amniotic infection and mothers with other disease causing prematurity.

Methods: The retrospective study used labour ward data collected from 2002 to 2005 in a tertiary university centre to analyse three groups of singletons born at <32 completed gestational weeks to mothers with preeclampsia (n = 61), amniotic infection (n = 55) and non-preeclamptic non-amniotic infection controls (n = 55).

Side effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) in newborns and young infants.

Aim: To analyze the side effects of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) in newborn and young infants.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of side effects in 43 patients with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery treated with captopril for heart failure during a two-year period.

Results: Median age of the patients was 26 days (range 6-310 days), median weight 3.

The pulmonary outcome of long-term survivors after congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair.

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) represents a chronic condition with significant pulmonary and non-pulmonary complications. The main aim of the present study was to determine the pulmonary outcome in a group of long-term survivors of CDH.

Methods: Clinical records of 46 patients with CDH admitted to the University Children's Hospital Zurich between 1991 and 2001 were reviewed retrospectively.

The effect of ductal diameter on surgical and medical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates: size matters.

Objective: We sought to analyze the effect of patent ductus arteriosus diameter on treatment success in premature neonates.

Methods: Among 537 consecutive neonates born between 1985 and 2005 with a diagnosed patent ductus arteriosus, 201 premature patients (<35 weeks' gestation) treated for a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus were retrospectively reviewed. Two groups were compared: group MED (n = 154; successful treatment with indomethacin) and group FAIL (n = 47; failure of medication to reduce the patent ductus arteriosus diameter to hemodynamic insignificance).

The effects of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass on Doppler cerebral blood flow during the first 24 postoperative hours.

To provide understanding of influence of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on cerebral blood flow (CBF), we investigated the effect of CPB on patients' cerebral haemodynamic parameters. Twenty-three patients were prospectively enrolled. CBF was estimated by transcranial Doppler (TCD) to measure blood velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MVMCA), preoperatively T(0) and at four postoperative times (T(1), T(2), T(3), T(4)).

Pneumomediastinum in the neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit.

The incidence, aetiology and pathophysiology of pneumomediastinum (PM), an uncommon and potentially serious disease in neonates and children, were evaluated. A retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with PM who were hospitalised in the intensive care unit of the University Children's Hospital Zürich, Switzerland, from 2000 to 2006, was preformed. We analysed the incidence, severity and causes of PM and investigated the possible differences between neonatal and non-neonatal cases.

The influence of the timing of cord clamping on postnatal cerebral oxygenation in preterm neonates: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objective: Our goal was to investigate the effect of placentofetal transfusion on cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants by near-infrared spectroscopy.

Subjects: A total of 39 preterm infants with a median gestational age of 30.4 weeks were randomly assigned to an experiment group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 24).

Arterial thromboembolic complications in critically ill children.

Purpose: To evaluate incidence and characteristics of arterial thromboembolic complications in critically ill children.

Materials And Methods: Hospital records of all consecutive patients with arterial thromboembolic events (ATEs) occurring in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from January 1997 to August 2001 were reviewed. Data collected included demographics and location, treatment modalities and outcome of ATEs.

Reproducibility of cerebral oxygenation measurement in neonates and infants in the clinical setting using the NIRO 300 oximeter.

Objective: To study reproducibility of cerebral tissue oxygenation index (cTOI) values in neonates and infants in a clinical setting using the NIRO 300 oximeter (Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu City, Japan).

Design: Clinical, observational study.

Setting: University hospital, pediatric intensive care unit.

Administration of steroids in pediatric cardiac surgery: impact on clinical outcome and systemic inflammatory response.

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with a systemic inflammatory response. Pre-bypass steroid administration may modulate the inflammatory response, resulting in improved postoperative recovery. We performed a prospective study in the departments of cardiovascular surgery and pediatric intensive care medicine of two university hospitals that included 50 infants who underwent heart surgery.

Near-infrared spectroscopic cerebral oxygenation reading in neonates and infants is associated with central venous oxygen saturation.

Background: The aim of the study was to elucidate easily determinable laboratory and vital parameters in clinical practice to explain variability of near-infrared spectroscopic cerebral oxygenation readings in critically ill newborns and infants using the NIRO 300 spectrometer.

Methods: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) cerebral tissue oxygenation index (cTOI) was measured on the forehead of critically ill neonates and infants with existing arterial and/or central venous access. We recorded patient characteristics and simultaneously determined sedation state, hemodynamic, respiratory and laboratory data, such as arterial blood gas analysis, electrolytes, hemoglobin and arterial lactate concentration, blood glucose and central venous oxygen saturation.

Incidence and treatment of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery in children.

Objective: Diaphragmatic paralysis (DP) caused by phrenic nerve injury is potentially life-threatening in infants. Phrenic nerve injury due to thoracic surgery is the most common cause of DP in children. We retrospectively analyzed incidence, surgical details, management and follow-up of our patients with DP after cardiac surgery to develop an algorithm for the management and follow-up.

Evaluation of a new combined transcutaneous measurement of PCO2/pulse oximetry oxygen saturation ear sensor in newborn patients.

Objective: Arterial oxygen saturation (Sao(2)) and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (Paco(2)) are 2 of the most important respiratory parameters in the treatment of critically ill neonates. Noninvasive monitoring of these parameters is desirable for continuous estimating of the respiratory status and reducing blood loss because of repeated blood gas analyses. Transcutaneous measurement of Pco(2) (Ptcco(2)) represents a simple and noninvasive technique for continuous monitoring of ventilation.