Unveiling the Protective Role of Metformin against Chemotherapyinduced Cardiotoxicity: A Comprehensive Scoping Review on Nonclinical Studies.

Introduction: Chemotherapy therapies are effective in treating cancer, but they can have harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. This study explores the possible role of metformin in reducing the cardiac damage caused by chemotherapy.

Methods: In this scoping review, we conducted a comprehensive literature search on electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (ISI)) until November 2023.

Incorporation of montmorillonite into microfluidics-generated chitosan microfibers enhances neuron-like PC12 cells for application in neural tissue engineering.

The complexity in structure and function of the nervous system, as well as its slow rate of regeneration, makes it more difficult to treat it compared to other tissues. Neural tissue engineering aims to create an appropriate environment for nerve cell proliferation and differentiation. Fibrous scaffolds with suitable morphology and topography and better mimicry of the extracellular matrix have been promising for the alignment and migration of neural cells.

Protective effect of freeze-dried extract of Persicaria bistorta Samp. on acetic acid-induced colitis model in rats: Involvement of nitric oxide and opioid system.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder accompanied by occasional flare-ups, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. Persicaria bistorta Samp. is a medicinal plant repeatedly mentioned in traditional Persian medicine for the treatment of bleeding and tissue damage in different organs, including the intestines.

Liraglutide alleviated alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) induced cognitive deficits in rats by modifying brain mitochondrial impairment.

The use of NPS compounds is increasing, and impairment in spatial learning and memory is a growing concern. Alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) consumption, as a commonly used NPS, can impair spatial learning and memory via the brain mitochondrial dysfunction mechanism. Liraglutide isone of the most well-known Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists that is used as an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity drug.

The effects of prebiotic, probiotic or synbiotic supplementation on overweight/obesity indicators: an umbrella review of the trials' meta-analyses.

Background: There is controversial data on the effects of prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic supplementations on overweight/obesity indicators. Thus, we aimed to clarify this role of biotics through an umbrella review of the trials' meta-analyses.

Methods: All meta-analyses of the clinical trials conducted on the impact of biotics on overweight/obesity indicators in general populations, pregnant women, and infants published until June 2023 in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library web databases included.

Cinnamic Acid Ameliorates Acetic Acid-induced Inflammatory Response through Inhibition of TLR-4 in Colitis Rat Model.

Background: Cinnamic acid, an active compound in cinnamon spp., has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics and is favorable in managing inflammatory bowel diseases.

Objectives: Evaluate cinnamic acid's effects on colitis in rats.

Polysaccharide-based hydrogel enriched by epidermal growth factor peptide fragment for improving the wound healing process.

Wounds represent a "silent epidemic" in the global population that impact significantly people's quality of life and the economy of societies. Owing to the numerous therapies, the pursuit of a perfect wound dressing with superior performance for treating all sorts of wounds is still underway. Several studies have shown the potential of integrating restorative peptides into the scaffolds as potential therapeutic candidates for wound healing.

Alginate/gum arabic-based biomimetic hydrogel enriched with immobilized nerve growth factor and carnosine improves diabetic wound regeneration.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) often remain untreated because they are difficult to heal, caused by reduced skin sensitivity and impaired blood vessel formation. In this study, we propose a novel approach to manage DFUs using a multifunctional hydrogel made from a combination of alginate and gum arabic. To enhance the healing properties of the hydrogel, we immobilized nerve growth factor (NGF), within specially designed mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN).

Metformin ameliorates cardiopulmonary toxicity induced by chlorpyrifos.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used pesticide that can impair body organs. Nonetheless, metformin is known for its protective role against dysfunction at cellular and molecular levels led by inflammatory and oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the modulatory impacts of metformin on CPF-induced heart and lung damage.

Licofelone Attenuates Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats Through Suppression of the Inflammatory Mediators.

Licofelone is a dual Cyclooxygenase 1,2 (COX1,2)/5-lipoxygenase) 5-LOX (inhibitor with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects with possible functions on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is a chronic recurrent condition with no particular treatment. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of licofelone on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Ten groups of male Wistar rats (n = 6) were used.

The interplay between tauopathy and aging through interruption of UPR/Nrf2/autophagy crosstalk in the Alzheimer's disease transgenic experimental models.

Purpose: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of tauopathy that usually occursduring aging and unfolded protein response (UPR), oxidative stress and autophagy play a crucialrole in tauopathy-induced neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects oftauopathy on normal brain aging in a Drosophila model of AD.

Method: We investigated the interplay between aging (10, 20, 30, and 40 days) and human tauR406W (htau)-induced cell stress in transgenic fruit flies.

Combination therapy of cisplatin and resveratrol to induce cellular aging in gastric cancer cells: Focusing on oxidative stress, and cell cycle arrest.

As a medical dilemma, gastric cancer will have 7.3 million new cases in 2040. Despite the disease's high economic and global burden, conventional chemotherapy regimens containing cisplatin have insufficient effectiveness and act non-specifically, leading to several adverse drug reactions To address these issues, the biological efficacy of the cisplatin-resveratrol combination was tested.

Comparison of the safety and efficacy of fingolimod and tofacitinib in the zebrafish model of colitis.

Background: Oral targeted small molecules, including sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), seem to revolutionize the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To select the most effective treatment, there is an unmet need to comparatively study their mechanism of action, efficacy, and toxicity in the preclinical stage and further translate it into clinical practice.

Methods: Using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced adult zebrafish colitis model, LC50 of fingolimod and tofacitinib were determined based on the acute toxicity test to compare aquatic toxicity potential.

The electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and biochemical evaluation of treatment with edaravone on acute cardiac toxicity of aluminum phosphide.

Aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning can be highly fatal due to its severe toxicity to the heart. Based on the evidence, edaravone (EDA) has protective effects on various pathological conditions of the heart. This research aimed to examine the potential protective effects of EDA on AlP-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

The neuroprotective effects of melatonin against diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review of non-clinical studies.

Diabetes can cause diabetic neuropathy (DN), a nerve injury. High blood sugar (glucose) levels can harm nerves all over your body. The nerves in your legs and feet are the most commonly affected by DN.

Rolipram and pentoxifylline combination ameliorates experimental diabetic neuropathy through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in the dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most challenging microvascular complication of diabetes and there is no suitable treatment for it, so the development of new agents to relieve DN is urgently needed. Since oxidative stress and inflammation play an essential role in the development of DN, clearance of these factors are good strategies for the treatment of this disease. According to key role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, it seems that phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs) can be as novel drug targets for improving DN through enhancement of cAMP level.

Lead inhibits the odontogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cells by affecting WNT1/β-catenin signaling and related miRNAs expression.

Lead (Pb) is ubiquitous in environment that accumulates in teeth and calcified tissues from where it releases gradually with aging and adversely affects dental health. This study aimed to determine the effect of Pb exposure on odontogenic differentiation potential of isolated human dental pulp stem cells and investigate the possible underlying epigenetic factors. In the absence of Pb exposure, stem cells displayed significant odontogenic markers including elevated Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red staining intensity, and increased expression of odontogenic DMP1 and DSPP genes.

Antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects of a novel repaglinide analog.

Repaglinide (RPG) is an oral insulin secretagogue used in the treatment of diabetes. In this study, a new RPG analog was synthesized. Its antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects on dorsal root ganglions (DRG) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were examined compared to RPG.

Molecular Evidence on the Inhibitory Potential of Metformin against Chlorpyrifos-Induced Neurotoxicity.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus (OP) pesticide, resulting in various health complications as the result of ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption, and leads to DNA damage and increased oxidative stress. Metformin, derived from Galega officinalis, is reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties; thus, this study aimed to investigate the beneficial role of metformin in neurotoxicity induced by sub-acute exposure to CPF in Wistar rats. In this study, animals were divided into nine groups and were treated with different combinations of metformin and CPF.

Impact of Acrylamide on Cellular Senescence Response and Cell Cycle Distribution via an In-vitro Study.

Exposure to certain environmental toxins has been shown to be associated with cellular senescence mainly through induction of oxidative stress and impact on cellular systems. Acrylamide (ACR) has raised worldwide concerns regarding the high risk of human dietary exposure to its hazardous effect. Although there is ample evidence about the carcinogenicity of ACR, limited studies have focused on its impact on cellular aging.

The Effect of Levosimendan on Phosphine-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Biochemical and Histopathological Assessment.

Background: Aluminum phosphide (AlP) toxicity is associated with a high risk of death due to heart, liver, and kidney failure as the target organs. Phosphine gas released due to the ingestion is the main factor involved in the multi-organ failure with various mechanisms. Levosimendan (LEV) is a calcium sensitizer with a pleiotropic effect on multiple organs.