Clinical Features, Therapeutic Trends, and Outcome of Giant Prolactinomas: A Single-Center Experience Over a 12-Year Period.

Background: Management of giant prolactinomas presents a different challenge than the management of traditional prolactinomas.

Objective: The aim of this study was to report the largest long-term single-center study of giant prolactinomas to analyze their clinical features; define epidemiological characteristics, comorbidities, complications, treatment outcomes; and to demonstrate our experience with long-term cabergoline (CAB) treatment of these giant tumors.

Methods: A retrospective case study and clinical review of patients presenting with giant prolactinomas in the pituitary clinic at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in the period between 2006 and 2018 were included in the study.

Hypocalcemia in Pregnancy: A Clinical Review Update.

Though hypocalcemia in pregnancy is not often reported in the literature, it occurs in cases of hypoparathyroidism and in mothers with severe dietary inadequacy. Hypocalcemia during pregnancy can pose numerous problems to the mother and fetus. It is associated with hypertensive disorders and can increase the risk of numerous problems such as preeclampsia and fetal growth disorders.

Management of acromegaly: an exploratory survey of physicians from the Middle East and North Africa.

Background: Worldwide variations exist in the diagnosis and management of patients with acromegaly. For such a rare condition, the knowledge and perception of physicians would most likely direct the care of patients. However, the adherence of physicians in non-Western regions to guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acromegaly has not been previously ascertained.

Association of Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels With Vitamin D Status.

Background: The discovery of vitamin D is one of medicine's great achievements. Despite all the positive evidence emerging about the beneficial effect of vitamin D, we still find many are vitamin D deficient. The purposes of this study were to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, to test the hypothesis that lower 25(OH)D levels are associated with poorer glucose control in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on HbA1c levels.

Glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes in patients with diabetes in pregnancy: A retrospective study.

Context: Diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) is either pregestational or gestational.

Aims: To determine the relationship between glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of DIP patients.

Settings And Design: In this 12-month retrospective study, a total of 325 Saudi women with DIP who attended the outpatient clinics at a tertiary center Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were included.

Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Diabetes Ketoacidosis in a Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh.

Diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening acute complication of diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical and biochemical characteristics of DKA among 400 patients admitted to hospital, most of whom had type 1 diabetes (n = 372; 93%).

Differences and associations of metabolic and vitamin D status among patients with and without sub-clinical hypothyroid dysfunction.

Background: Sub-clinical hypothyroid dysfunction, a relatively understudied disorder in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), has significant clinical implications if not properly monitored. Also from KSA, more than 50% of the population suffer from hypovitaminosis D (<50 nmol/l). In this cross-sectional case-control study, we described the differences and associations in the metabolic patterns of adult Saudis with and without hypothyroid dysfunction in relation to their vitamin D status, PTH, calcium and lipid profile.