Human papillomavirus (HPV) in pregnancy - An update.

Human papilloma viruses (HPV) are small epitheliotropic DNA viruses, of which there are 200 genotypes, 40 of which are known to cause genital infections and are also oncogenic. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Clinical features vary from asymptomatic (identified at routine cervical cancer screening) to large lesions on the vulva, vagina, cervix and some extragenital sites.

Screening for infections in pregnancy - An overview of where we are today.

Although most infections in pregnancy have very little impact, some affect either the mother or fetus or both. Screening must target those infections with consequences and furthermore, must be cost-beneficial. The introduction of any screening test for infections should take into consideration the prevalence of the condition, its consequences (health impact), the accuracy of the test and whether there are remedial steps including primary and secondary prevention to take with a positive or negative test.

A review of Meckel-Gruber syndrome--incidence and outcome in the state of Qatar.

Meckel-Gruber (MKS) syndrome is a lethal autosomal abnormality diagnosed most commonly from classical findings on ultrasound scan after the late first trimester. There are few reports of cases followed up antenatally until delivery. We report here one of the largest series of 19 cases diagnosed antenatally from as early as 11 weeks gestation with 5 born alive.