Comparison of Four Scoring Systems for Patients With Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Introduction Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common medical emergency that causes significant deaths and morbidity. Effective risk classification is crucial for clinical decision-making and resource allocation. Several risk assessments, including the Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS), AIMS65, National Early Warning Score (NEWS), and National Early Warning Score + Lactate (NEWS+L), are widely used, but each has unique strengths and disadvantages.