Trends in prehospital pain management: two decades of point-of-injury care.

Background: Pain control in trauma is an integral part of treatment in combat casualty care. More soldiers injured on the battlefield need analgesics for pain than life-saving interventions (LSIs). Early treatment of pain improves outcomes after injury, while inadequate treatment leads to higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in the Israeli Defense Force-Lessons Learned From Our rt-PCR Screening Policy.

Background: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, multiple preventative measures were used to prevent the virus from spreading in the population. The Israeli defense force deployed further means to contain the disease, including putting units in quarantine, physical distancing and using masks, gowns and disinfectants when in contact with suspected patients.

Methods: We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) tests to screen for patients among asymptomatic soldiers within units participating in civilian aid or in close contact with known patients, using personal protective equipment.

Short Communication: Combining Ethics With Efficiency-Israel Defense Forces' Experience in Clinical Trials During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, first reported in China, soon spread worldwide, has evolved into one of the most complex global public health crises the world has encountered in the last several decades. Conducting military medical research is vital to study the unique influences of military service conditions on soldiers' health and to improve the medical response in various emergency periods. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps maintains an Institutional Review Board (IRB) which reviews clinical studies conducted within the IDF.

Medical Challenges in Underground Warfare.

Introduction: Throughout history, underground systems have served military purposes in both offensive and defensive tactical settings. With the advance of underground mining, combat tactics, and weapon systems, providing medical support in the subterranean battlefield is a constantly growing challenge. This retrospective cohort study describes the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) Medical Corps experience with treating casualties from underground warfare, as recorded in the IDF Trauma Registry.

Comparison of the Effects of Motion and Environment Conditions on Accuracy of Handheld and Finger-Based Pulse Oximeters.

Introduction: The most common cause of preventable death on the battlefield is significant blood loss, eventually causing decrease in tissue oxygen delivery. Pulse oximeters (POs) are widely used by the Israeli Defense Forces to obtain fast and noninvasive information about peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). However, POs are produced by different manufacturers and therefore include different sensors and are based on distinctive algorithms.

Medial tibial stress fracture diagnosis and treatment guidelines.

Objectives: To validate and make evidence based changes to the Israel Defense Forces medial tibial stress fracture diagnosis and treatment protocol.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: 429 Elite infantry recruits were reviewed for signs and symptoms of medial tibial stress fracture during 14 weeks of basic training.

The Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) Study: Protocol and Study Methods.

Objectives: To develop and present the methods utilized for the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) study.

Methods: The DOME is an electronic record-based cross-sectional study, that was conducted to measure the dental, periodontal, and oral morbidities and their associations with systemic morbidities, among a nationally representative sample of young to middle-aged adults military personnel from the IDF (Israel Defense Forces). To that end, we developed a strict protocol including standardized terminology, data collection, and handling.

Personality disorders and cause-specific mortality: a nationwide study of 2 million adolescents.

Background: Personality disorders are prevalent in 6-10% of the population, but their risk for cause-specific mortality is unclear. The aim of the study was to assess the association between personality disorders diagnosed in late adolescence and all-cause as well as cause-specific (cardiovascular-related, external-related) mortality.

Methods: We performed a longitudinal study on a historical prospective cohort based on nationwide screening prior to recruitment to the Israeli army.

Clinical Course and Outcomes of Severe Covid-19: A National Scale Study.

Unlabelled: Knowledge of the outcomes of critically ill patients is crucial for health and government officials who are planning how to address local outbreaks. The factors associated with outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) who required treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) are yet to be determined.

Methods: This was a retrospective registry-based case series of patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 who were referred for ICU admission and treated in the ICUs of the 13 participating centers in Israel between 5 March and 27 April 2020.

SOS Teeth: Age and Sex Differences in the Prevalence of First Priority Teeth among a National Representative Sample of Young and Middle-Aged Adults.

Background: "SOS teeth" are defined as the first priority teeth for treatment, that have distinct cavitation reaching the pulp chamber or only root fragments are present.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and distribution of SOS teeth with regard to age and sex difference among young to middle-aged adults.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional records-based study of a nationally representative sample, consisting of young to middle-aged military personnel, who attended the military dental clinics of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) for one year.

Socioeconomic inequalities and severe obesity-Sex differences in a nationwide study of 1.12 million Israeli adolescents.

Introduction: In a nationwide population of adolescents, we investigated the sex-specific association of socioeconomic position (SEP) with severe obesity, and trends over time.

Methods: The cohort comprises all Israeli adolescents (mean ± SD age 17.3 ± 0.

Measures to Limit COVID-19 Outbreak Effects Among Military Personnel: Preliminary Data.

Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak posed a threat to the readiness of military forces as well as their ability to fulfill missions. Seeing that military forces have been encountering similar challenges, we found it eminent to share the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) Northern Command's (NC) preliminary experience.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively summarized the actions that were taken by our team, focusing on 18 battalions at the Israeli NC.

Cognitive and physical performance are well preserved following standard blood donation: A noninferiority, randomized clinical trial.

Background: A walking blood bank (WBB) refers to the use of fellow combatants for battlefield blood donation. This requires pretesting combatants for infectious diseases and blood type. A fundamental prerequisite for this technique is that the donating soldier will suffer minimal physiological and mental impact.

Pausing cancer screening during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2pandemic: Should we revisit the recommendations?

• The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has become a global major concern. • Medical professionals were instructed to use their clinical judgement when scheduling elective activity. • Delays in cancer screening, should not go unnoticed and this ‘knee-jerk’ response should be revisited.

The Israel Defense Forces Trauma Registry: 22 years of point-of-injury data.

Background: Trauma is the leading cause of death among casualties between 1 and 44 years. A large proportion of trauma deaths occurs even before arriving at a medical facility. The paucity of prehospital data is a major reason for the lagging development of prehospital trauma care research.

The spectrum of bacteria and mechanisms of resistance identified from the casualties treated in the Israeli field hospital after the earthquake in Nepal, 2015: A retrospective analysis.

Background: On the April 25, 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck Nepal. Soon-after, the Israel Defense Force (IDF) dispatched a tertiary field-hospital to Kathmandu.

Prehospital definitive airway is not associated with improved survival in trauma patients.

Background: The American College of Surgeons and the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians advise securing a definitive airway if there is any doubt about the trauma patient's ability to maintain airway integrity. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between a success in securing a definitive airway in the prehospital setting and survival among trauma patients, in which the provider deemed a definitive airway was necessary.

Methods: The study included all trauma patients recorded in the Israel Defense Forces Trauma Registry between the years 2006 and 2018 for whom a prehospital attempt of securing a definitive airway was documented.

The Association between Increased Body Mass Index and Overuse Injuries in Israel Defense Forces Conscripts.

Objectives: To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and overuse injuries (OI) among Israel Defense Forces soldiers, in different corps.

Methods: Conscripts between 2003 and 2012, infantry, armored corps and intelligence corps (controls) were studied. OI data were taken from computerized patient records.

Prehospital trauma experience of the Israel defense forces on the Syrian border 2013-2017.

Background: The Israeli Defense Force Medical Corps (IDF-MC) is routinely collecting prehospital data to establish a prehospital registry. Since February 2013, Israel has been providing medical care to Syrian refugees. This unique humanitarian aid begins in prehospital settings and typically culminates in Israeli civilian hospitals.

The promising future of drones in prehospital medical care and its application to battlefield medicine.

Unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly referred to as drones, have been made widely available in recent years leading to an exponential growth in their roles and applications. The rapidly developing field of medical drones is on the verge of revolutionizing prehospital medicine enabling advanced health care delivery to once-inaccessible patients. The aim of this review is to clarify the basic technical properties of currently available medical drones and review recent advances and their usefulness in military and civilian health care missions.

Policy for reducing unplanned pregnancies and repeat unplanned pregnancies rates in Israeli Defense Force.

Israel has compulsory military service, beginning at the age of 18. Women serve about two years and men for about three years. However, de facto only some of the potential service entrants are recruited.