Polyphenols as anticancer agents: Toxicological concern to healthy cells.

Polyphenols are a group of diverse chemical compounds present in a wide range of plants. Various biological properties such as antiallergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, vasodilatory, and hepatoprotective effect of different polyphenols have been reported in the scientific literature. The major classes of polyphenols are flavonoids, stilbenoids, lignans, and polyphenolic acids.

Flavonoids and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Cascade: A Potential Crosstalk in Anticancer Treatment.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. A slight decline in mortality has been noted, but the currently available treatment options did not give an expected outcome and are associated with several side effects resulting a substantial economic burden. The advent of plant-based treatment is rising because of its ease of use, ready availability, cost-effectiveness, and low/no toxicity.

mTOR Targeted Cancer Chemoprevention by Flavonoids.

Over the past several decades, plant-derived products (phytochemicals) have been suggested to possess immense therapeutic potential. Among these phytochemicals, different flavonoids have been reported for their potent anticancer activity. To exhibit their anticancer potential, these flavonoids modulate different signaling pathways.

The role of mitochondrial defects and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. Recent reports suggest that it affects more than 36 million people worldwide and accounts 60-80% of all cases of dementia. It is characterised by aberrations of multiple interactive systems and pathways, which ultimately lead to memory loss and cognitive dysfunction.

Characterization of colchicine binding with normal and glycated albumin: In vitro and molecular docking analysis.

The transport of more than 90% of the drugs viz. anticoagulants, analgesics, and general anesthetics in the blood takes place by albumin. Hence, albumin is the prime protein needs to be investigated to find out the nature of drug binding.

Optimization of expression and purification of human mortalin (Hsp70): Folding/unfolding analysis.

Human mortalin is a Hsp70 mitochondrial protein that plays an essential role in the biogenesis of mitochondria. The deregulation of mortalin expression and its functions could lead to several age-associated disorders and some types of cancers. In the present study, we optimized the expression and purification of recombinant human mortalin by the use of two-step chromatography.

Exploration of Various Proteins for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder that gradually degrades neuronal cells. It is the most frequent cause of memory loss and dementia in elderly individuals worldwide. The extracellular deposition of beta amyloid (Aβ), intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) retention, neuronal decline and neurotransmitter system derangement are the patho-physiological marker of this devastated disease Objective: In view of limited treatment option and their success rate, there is an urgent need to explore the vast array of proteomes for the management of AD.

Management of Alzheimer's disease-An insight of the enzymatic and other novel potential targets.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a well-known cause of memory loss and dementia in elderly people all across the world. It is pathophysiologically characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) proteins and retention of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Several enzymes, such as lipoxygenases, acetylcholinesterases, secretases, glycogen synthase kinase 3, caspases, sirtuins have been reported to actively participate in the pathogenesis of AD.

Elucidating Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease via Different Receptors.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder that gradually degrades neuronal cells. Presently, it is the most common reason for the memory loss and dementia in older individuals. It is patho-physiologically described by extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) retention, neuronal decline, and neurotransmitter system derangement.

Role of Peroxynitrite-Induced Activation of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) in Circulatory Shock and Related Pathological Conditions.

Peroxynitrite is a powerful oxidant, formed from the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide. It is known to interact and modify different biological molecules such as DNA, lipids and proteins leading to alterations in their structure and functions. These events elicit various cellular responses, including cell signaling, causing oxidative damage and committing cells to apoptosis or necrosis.

Glycation Induced Generation of Amyloid Fibril Structures by Glucose Metabolites.

The non-enzymatic reaction (glycation) of reducing sugars with proteins has received increased interest in dietary and therapeutic research lately. In the present work, the impact of glycation on structural alterations of camel serum albumin (CSA) by different glucose metabolites was studied. Glycation of CSA was evaluated by specific fluorescence of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and determination of available amino groups.

Pathophysiological Role of Peroxynitrite Induced DNA Damage in Human Diseases: A Special Focus on Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP).

Peroxynitrite is formed in biological systems when nitric oxide and superoxide rapidly interact at near equimolar ratio. Peroxynitrite, though not a free radical by chemical nature, is a powerful oxidant which reacts with proteins, DNA and lipids. These reactions trigger a wide array of cellular responses ranging from subtle modulations of cell signaling to overwhelming oxidative injury, committing cells to necrosis or apoptosis.

Neo-epitopes on crotonaldehyde modified DNA preferably recognize circulating autoantibodies in cancer patients.

DNA damage is one of the leading causes of various pathological conditions including carcinogenesis. Crotonaldehyde is a 4-carbon unsaturated bifunctional aldehyde which is found ubiquitously and produced both exogenously and endogenously. It reacts with deoxyguanosine and form adducts with DNA.

Preferential recognition of peroxynitrite-modified human serum albumin by circulating autoantibodies in cancer.

Peroxynitrite is a potent oxidizing and nitrating agent and has in vivo existence. Several studies have shown the damaging role of this molecule in biological system. Human serum albumin (HSA), being most abundant plasma protein, is easily targeted by different oxidizing and nitrating agents.

Genotoxicity and immunogenicity of crotonaldehyde modified human DNA.

DNA damage plays an important role in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, aging and several other pathophysiological conditions. Crotonaldehyde is a four carbon unsaturated bifunctional aldehyde produced both exogenously and endogenously. It reacts with deoxyguanosine in DNA to form adducts.