Comparison of mean operative time in patients undergoing Ho: YAG laser lithotripsy and pneumatic lithotripsy in ureterorenoscopy for ureteric calculus.

Objective: To compare the mean operative time (MOT) in patients undergoing Ho: YAG laser lithotripsy (LL) and pneumatic lithotripsy (PL) for ureteric stones.

Methods: This randomized study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Urology (AFIU) Rawalpindi, Pakistan from July 2016 to November 2018. Non probability consecutive sampling technique utilized to enroll 60 patients of both gender aged 18-60 years, having ureteric calculus ≤1.

Mini PCNL: A viable single stage treatment for pediatric nephrolithiasis in resource limited countries.

Introduction: There is increasing enthusiasm for the value of mini PCNL for pediatric stone clearance. In developing countries, it is important to arrange a single stage treatment as a significant proportion of patients do not comply with repeated treatments, such as SWL.

Objective: To assess the safety, feasibility and outcomes of Mini PCNL in a pediatric cohort.

Classical prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a solitary functioning kidney with severe kyphoscoliosis.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is one of the important options in the management of large (>2 cms) and complex renal calculi. Traditionally the prone position has been used to access the pelvicaliceal system. It has its advantages and disadvantages as well.

Renal endometriosis mimicking a renal tumor in a pregnant patient.

Renal endometriosis, if progressed is a serious localization of disease burden that can lead to urinary tract obstruction, with subsequent hydronephrosis leading to potential kidney loss. Diagnosis is elusive and relies heavily on clinical suspicion as endometriosis can occur with both minimal and extensive disease. Management technique varies but the goal is to salvage renal function and disease burden.

Pure xanthine pediatric urolithiasis: A cause of acute renal failure.

Xanthine urolithiasis is usually a benign condition, easy to prevent or cure by appropriate alkalinization, forced hydration and restriction of dietary purines if diagnosed early. When unrecognized, xanthinuria can lead to end-stage renal failure or nephrectomy.

Left renal mass with venous extension in hemi-azygous vein.

Extension of renal mass (RM) along venous drainage pathways is a well-recognized entity. All previously reported cases of RM show inferior vena cava (IVC), left renal vein and azygous vein involvement. We report a 55-year-old man who had left RM arising from the upper pole with invasion in left renal vein, IVC and hemi-azygous vein.

Are we performing a lot of simple nephrectomies?

Objective: To assess the frequency of simple nephrectomies for benign diseases and compare it with the frequency of nephrectomies for malignant diseases.

Methods: The observational study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from October 2008 to September 2011, and comprised patients undergoing simple nephrectomy for benign disease who were followed up for one year. This was compared to all the other urological procedures performed during the study period, including nephrectomies for malignant diseases.

Examination of CK2α and NF-κB p65 expression in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer tissues.

Protein kinase CK2 plays a critical role in cell growth, proliferation, and suppression of cell death. CK2 is overexpressed, especially in the nuclear compartment, in the majority of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). CK2-mediated activation of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 is a key step in cellular proliferation, resulting in translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.

Forgotten Ureteral Stents: An Avoidable Morbidity.

Objective: To assess the clinical presentation of forgotten ureteral stents and highlight the etiological factors resulting in the retention of these stents.

Study Design: Observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Urology, Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi, from January 2010 to June 2011.

MEDICAL EXPULSIVE TREATMENT OF DISTAL URETERAL STONE USING TAMSULOSIN.

Background: Many minimally invasive interventional techniques as well as expectant treatment exist for the management of lower ureteric calculi. This study was conducted to evaluate th efficacy of tamsulosin as an expulsive pharmacologic therapy for the treatment of distal uretern stone.

Methods: This randomized control trial included 100 patients over 18 years of age wit stone Size > or = mm in distal 1/3 of ureter.

Vesicouterine fistula.

A 41 years lady presented with 13 years history of urinary incontinence alongwith menouria, which had developed after the first vaginal delivery. However, she had four normal vaginal deliveries later. Intravenous urography showed normal flow on both sides but there was spillage of contrast from the urinary bladder into the uterus, in the cystographic phase.

Transitional cell carcinoma of ureter in a solitary functioning kidney.

We present a 60 years old male with transitional cell carcinoma of the left ureter. The right kidney was non excretory while the left one was the solitary functioning kidney with multiple renal cysts. He had presented with significantly deranged renal profile and left obstructed ureter.

Ureterovaginal fistula--etiological factors and outcome.

Objective: To assess the etiological factors and the outcome of ureterovaginal fistula in an urban setting.

Methods: The observational study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 2009 to January 2011. All the patients of uretero-vaginal fistula at the centre were included on the basis of non-probability purposive sampling.

Inverted papilloma of ureter: a rare cause of hydronephrosis.

A case of hydronephrosis with a rare underlying cause in a 35 years old male is described. He reported with pain in the left lumbar region with a past history of left ureterolithotomy. The ultrasound and IVU studies were suggestive of left hydronephroureter.

Bulbar uretheral stricture repair with buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty.

Objective: To evaluate the use of buccal mucosa graft in single stage urethral reconstruction of bulbar urethral stricture.

Methods: In Armed Forces Institute of Urology Rawalpindi, from Jan 2008 to Oct 2009, 56 patients underwent single stage dorsal onlay urethroplasty using buccal mucosa graft for long bulbar urethral strictures (> 2cm). Urethra was incised along the strictured segment in the 12 o'clock (dorsal) position starting from the distal end.

Bladder outlet obstruction in a 5 years boy.

We report a 5 years old boy with bladder outlet obstruction secondary to a fibroepithelial polyp of prostatic urethra. The micturating cystourethrogram showed a filling defect in the posterior urethra. Cystourethroscopy revealed a polyp in the prostatic urethra proximal to the verumontanum.

Pattern of malignant renal tumours using 2004 WHO classification of renal tumours on radical nephrectomy.

Objective: To determine the type of malignant renal tumours subjected to radical nephrectomy at a tertiary care urology unit using the 2004 WHO classification for renal tumours.

Methods: It was an observational study conducted at Department of Urology, AFIU Rawalpindi, from October 2008 to September 2010. The study included 92 patients with malignant renal tumours of both genders aged above 15 years.

A rare complication of forgotten ureteral stent.

A 35 years old lady presented with history of something coming out of the genitalia for the last 5 days. She also had history of pain in the left lumbar region which was initially investigated but the patient did not follow-up. About 15 years ago she also underwent left ureteric reimplantation.

Allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis presenting as flitting opacities on chest radiograph.

Allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus fumigatus in the bronchial tree of young asthmatic patients. A 28 years old female patient presented with one year history of fever with generalised body aches and pains and had already received treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Her chest radiograph showed flitting opacities in both lung fields with a TLC of 13.

Early versus late arterio-venous fistulae: impact on failure rate.

Background: Haemodialysis is the primary mode of renal replacement therapy for patients of end stage renal disease. The most important determinant for effective haemodialysis is a reliable vascular access. Arterio-venous (AV) fistula is the closest to be an ideal long-term haemodialysis vascular access.

Postoperative complications in emergency versus elective laparotomies at a peripheral hospital.

Background: Laparotomy is a commonly performed procedure in any surgical unit. Postoperative complications directly affect the outcome of the disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the postoperative complications in emergency versus elective laparotomies at a peripheral hospital.

Modified midline abdominal wound closure technique in complicated/high risk laparotomies.

Objective: To assess the local wound complications in complicated/ high risk laparotomies in terms of wound dehiscence and incisional hernia formation with a modified technique of midline abdominal wound closure.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of General Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Bahawal Nagar Cantonment, May 2006 to June 2008.

Open extraperitoneal mesh repair for abdominal wall hernias in females.

Objective: To determine the outcome of treatment in terms of infection and recurrence using open extraperitoneal mesh repair technique.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The department of General Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Bahawal Nagar Cantonment, from February 2006 to November 2008.

Clinico-pathological profile and outcome of inhalational burns.

Objective: To determine clinico-pathological profile and outcome of inhalational burns in a specialized burns treatment unit.

Study Design: Case-series.

Place And Duration Of Study: The Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Centre Unit, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Cantonment in March 2005.

Fracture penis with complete urethral disruption during intercourse.

We present a rare case of fracture penis with complete urethral disruption in a 38 years old male. This resulted in an erect penis during sexual intercourse. He presented with diffuse and tense swelling of the penis along with acute urinary retention and distended urinary bladder.