Intraoperative challenges and outcomes of pediatric cataract surgery following glaucoma filtering surgery.

Purpose: To analyze the intraoperative challenges of cataract surgery in children, following glaucoma filtering surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective study to analyze intra-op challenges and outcomes of pediatric cataract surgery in post-glaucoma filtration surgery eyes, between January 2007 and December 2019.

Results: We included 20 eyes of 16 children.

Secondary developmental glaucoma in eyes with congenital aphakia.

Purpose: To describe the clinical spectrum and management of glaucoma in congenital aphakia.

Methods: The demographics and clinical spectrum of eyes with congenital aphakia with and without glaucoma were compared, and management outcomes of congenital aphakia cases with glaucoma were studied retrospectively between April 2000 and June 2020.

Results: There were a total of 168 eyes (84 subjects) with a diagnosis of congenital aphakia, of which 29 eyes of 18 subjects were diagnosed with glaucoma.

Long-term outcomes of blebs repaired with scleral patch graft and conjunctival advancement in late-onset leak post-trabeculectomy.

Purpose: To report long-term outcomes in eyes that developed late-onset bleb leak post trabeculectomy, with or without hypotony and/or maculopathy, due to a scleral melt/fistula and who required a scleral patch graft and conjunctival advancement for repair.

Methods: Retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series over a decade (2010-2019), presenting with late bleb leak post-filtration-surgery. All cases required a scleral patch graft and conjunctival advancement for management via a standard technique, performed by an experienced glaucoma surgeon.

Changes in intraocular pressures associated with inhalational and mixed anesthetic agents currently used in ophthalmic surgery.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to measure changes in intraocular pressures (IOPs) associated with inhalational and mixed anesthetic agents currently used for general anesthesia (GA) in ophthalmic surgery.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 48 eyes from 48 consecutive subjects that underwent ophthalmic surgery under GA were included. Mixed anesthetics were used in 26 eyes and sevoflurane in 22 eyes.

Agreement of Intraocular Pressure Measurement of Icare ic200 with Goldmann Applanation Tonometer in Adult Eyes with Normal Cornea.

Purpose: To study the agreement between the Icare ic200 (ICare Finland Oy, Helsinki, Finland) and the Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT) in the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) in adult eyes.

Design: Noninterventional, cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 156 eyes of 156 adult participants with clear corneas were included.

Outcomes of Primary Combined Trabeculotomy and Trabeculectomy in Early-Onset Glaucoma in Children with Congenital Aniridia.

Purpose: To report clinical features and treatment outcomes of primary combined trabeculotomy with trabeculectomy (CTT) in congenital aniridia with glaucoma in children 3 years of age or younger.

Design: Retrospective study.

Participants: Sixty-six eyes of 35 children with congenital aniridia and early-onset glaucoma who underwent CTT between May 1997 and June 2015 were included.

Agreement of Intraocular Pressure Measurement of Icare ic200 with Goldmann Applanation Tonometer in Adult Eyes with Normal Cornea.

Purpose: To study the agreement between the Icare ic200 (ICare Finland Oy, Helsinki, Finland) and the Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT) in the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) in adult eyes.

Design: Noninterventional, cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 156 eyes of 156 adult participants with clear corneas were included.

Effect of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Intraocular Pressure in Patients Undergoing Glaucoma Surgery Under Local Anesthesia: A Pilot Study.

Precis: Preoperative intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine produced a 33% reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) within 15 minutes of administration in patients with glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of preoperative IV dexmedetomidine on IOP in adult patients undergoing glaucoma surgery under local anesthesia.

Methods: In a prospective interventional case series, 12 patients with uncontrolled IOP (IOP>24 mm Hg in both the eyes) with the systemic status of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I-II, received IV dexmedetomidine 0.

Schiotz Scleral Intraocular Pressure Readings Predict Goldmann Applanation Readings Better Than Rebound Tonometry.

Purpose: To study the agreement between scleral intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements using the Schiotz, Icare, and Icare PRO tonometers versus Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) in eyes with nonscarred corneas.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 83 eyes of 55 subjects. The order of IOP estimation was the corneal GAT, followed by ICare, ICare PRO, and Schiotz on the corneal and temporal sclera.

Profile of childhood glaucoma at a tertiary center in South India.

Purpose: To describe the prevalence of various types of childhood glaucomas, their clinical features and treatment methods.

Methods: We prospectively included consecutive children with glaucoma presenting to glaucoma clinic for the first time between March 2013 and May 2014. We classified childhood glaucomas as per the classification proposed by Congenital Glaucoma Research Network.

Outcomes of Silicone Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation in Refractory Pediatric Glaucoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of Silicone Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) implantation in the management of refractory pediatric glaucoma.

Methods: Between 2007 and 2015, 76 eyes of 64 children aged 16 years or younger underwent AGV implantation. We included 65 eyes of 53 children with follow up ≥6 months; 24 eyes had primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and 41 eyes had secondary pediatric glaucoma (SPG).

Is Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Consistent in Performance?

Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of action and consistency in flow characteristics of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) under simulated physiological conditions in-vitro and to evaluate whether resistance during priming has any effect on performance of the device.

Methods: Each newly opened AGV device was connected to a digital manometer and was primed with normal saline. The device was then placed in a saline bath and connected to an open manometer, a digital manometer, and an infusion pump.

Comparison of Scleral Tono-Pen Intraocular Pressure Measurements with Goldmann Applanation Tonometry.

Significance: Measuring the intraocular pressure (IOP) on the sclera can be an alternative to conventional corneal measurement in eyes with scarred corneas. However, these measurements have to be evaluated prior in normal eyes. Our study aimed to evaluate scleral IOP using Tono-Pen and compared it with corneal Goldmann applanation measurements.

Comparison of the New Low-Cost Nonvalved Glaucoma Drainage Device with Ahmed Glaucoma Valve in Refractory Pediatric Glaucoma in Indian Eyes.

Purpose: To compare outcomes of a nonvalved glaucoma drainage device (the Aurolab aqueous drainage device [AADI] with a valved glaucoma drainage device (the Ahmed glaucoma valve [AGV]) in refractory pediatric glaucoma.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Participants: One hundred sixteen eyes of 97 children with refractory pediatric glaucoma.

Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphaema syndrome with in-the-bag placement of intraocular lens.

Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphaema (UGH) syndrome is commonly reported following intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the anterior chamber or malpositioned posterior chamber IOLs. It is extremely rare to have this complication in an eye with intact posterior capsule and a well placed in-the-bag IOL. We report a case of a 48-year-old man who presented with blurred vision after an uneventful cataract surgery in the right eye, and who was treated for anterior uveitis.

ANCA: serology in Wegener's granulomatosis.

Background And Objectives: Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is being increasingly diagnosed in India, which exists in two forms, the 'limited Wegener's granulomatosis' (LWG) having upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) involvement and the 'classical Wegener's granulomatosis' (CWG), with the triad of URT, LRT involvement along with kidney involvement. Cytoplasmic ANCA (C-ANCA) or anti-Proteinase3 (anti-PR3), which is highly diagnostic for WG, rarely perinuclear ANCA (P-ANCA) may exist.

Aims: To detect anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and correlate it with serological, hematological parameters, and the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS).

Immunogenetic association in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Considerable genetic evidence exit for ANCA-associated vasculitis and pathogenesis. HLA A and B alleles identified serologically from 84 ANCA-positive patients were compared with 101 controls. Further subtyping were done in the 27 "pauci-immune" vasculitis patients using the polymerase chain reaction based PCR-SSOP technique and compared with controls (67).

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence, clinical associations and correlation with other autoantibodies.

Aim: This study was undertaken to clarify the nature of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) along with other autoantibodies in lupus nephritis (LN) patients and in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without nephritis and to know their correlation with clinical manifestations and presence of other autoantibodies.

Material And Methods: Fourty one LN patients and 18 SLE patients without nephritis were studied. LN patients were subdivided into diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN), focal proliferative glomerulonephritis (FPGN), rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN).

Use of immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy in identifying rare cases of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) showing dual specificities to myeloperoxidase and proteinase3.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are the immunodiagnostic markers for idiopathic necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis affecting mainly medium to small sized blood vessels. The diagnosis of ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV) is mainly based on clinical and histopathological characteristics along with the serological evidence. Immunofluorescence microscopy (IIF) is considered as the "gold standard" for ANCA detection, and ANCA showing two major patterns ie, cytoplasmic (c-ANCA) and perinuclear (p-ANCA) react with different antigenic targets of neutrophils like Proteinase3 (PR3) and Myeloperoxidase (MPO).

Spectrum of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis overlaps with that of Wegener's granulomatosis.

Background And Objectives: Mycobacterial infections are known to induce the development of autoantibodies and a few of these antibodies are also known to be diagnostic markers for some other diseases and it is uncertain whether these autoantibodies play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of autoantibodies like anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double stranded antibodies (anti-dsDNA) and anti-histone antibodies (AHA)in pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Materials & Methods: Seventy consecutive pulmonary TB patients, 30 patients of interstitial lung disease and 100 normal individuals were studied.

Increased incidence of cytoplasmic ANCA (cANCA) and other autoantibodies in leprosy patients from western India.

The prevalence of various autoantibodies was studied in 75 leprosy patients comprising eight patients with lepromatous leprosy (LL), 36 patients with borderline lepromatous leprosy (BL) and 31 patients with borderline tuberculoid leprosy (BT), along with 100 normal controls. Certain autoantibodies such as anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-single stranded DNA (anti-ssDNA) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) were raised among leprosy patients. When ANCA specificities to anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO), anti-proteinase3 (anti-PR3) and anti-lactoferrin (anti-LF) were studied, it was found that the patterns of immunofluorescence such as perinuclear (p-ANCA), cytoplasmic (c-ANCA) and atypical (X-ANCA) and specificity by ELISA to anti-MPO, anti-PR3 and anti-LF varied in the LL, BL and BT groups.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in malaria.

Various autoantibodies like anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), anti-histone antibodies (AHA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO), anti-proteinase3 (anti-PR3) and anti-lactoferrin (anti-LF) antibodies were studied in 173 acute hospitalised patients suffering from malaria of which 160 patients had P. falciparum and remaining 13 had P. vivax infection.