[Associations between concurrent use of tobacco and alcohol and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among ninth grader students].

Introduction: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is a risk factor of smoking and alcohol drinking in adolescence. Since attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and smoking and alcohol drinking in adolescence are predictors for the development of substance use disorders in adulthood, it is important to understand the nature of these associations.

Aim: The aim of the authors was to investigate associations between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and the joint use of alcohol and nicotine among 9th graders.

Psychometric characteristics of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test-Extended (DUDIT-E) among young drug users in Hungary.

Background: The Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) was developed for problematic substance use screening, and for a more detailed assessment of problematic use, the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test-Extended (DUDIT-E) was additionally developed.

Purpose: Examining the psychometric properties of DUDIT and DUIT-E across diverse settings in populations of young drug users.

Methods: We examined the psychometric characteristics of these instruments across various settings in populations of young substance users differing in substance use severity and treatment status.

[Teenage and adult pregnancy: different correlations between socio-economic status and smoking].

Introduction: Smoking occurs frequently during pregnancy, thereby putting mother and child at health risks. Low socio-economic status is a risk factor for smoking.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between smoking and low income in teenage and adult pregnancy, which is an important measure of poor socioeconomic status.

The European Adolescent Assessment Dialogue (EuroADAD): a psychometric evaluation.

Background: The Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis (ADAD) has been a gold standard for assessing drug use and associated problems in adolescents. Criticism of the instrument has been increasing. A new instrument, the European Adolescent Assessment Dialogue (EuroADAD) that builds on ADAD's strengths but seeks to address its limitations is now available, but has not been subjected to comprehensive psychometric evaluation.

Gender differences in trait aggression in young adults with drug and alcohol dependence compared to the general population.

Objective: Data in gender differences in aggression among alcohol and drug dependent subjects are lacking, and no published data are available about gender differences among various subtypes of substance using populations. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to investigate gender differences with regard to types of trait aggression in substance dependent young populations (age: 20-35 years) compared to the general population.

Methods: Subjects were selected from two clinical samples with a diagnosis of alcohol and drug dependence as well as from a representative sample of the general population.

[The Hungarian adaptation of Anxiety disorder module in the SCID-I/NP research version].

Background: The SCID-I structured clinical interview based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria is widely used in internationally, but the reliability and validity of its Hungarian version has not been investigated. This paper presents the results of the first validity and reliability study of the Hungarian version of the SCID-I/NP's (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders Non-patient Edition) Anxiety Disorders module.

Methods: The language adaptation of the diagnostic interview and of the user's guide was conducted in accordance with the WHO recommendations.

Substance use in Roma and non-Roma adolescents.

Little data have been published on specific health indicators for Roma, especially on substance use and related problems, and to our knowledge no data are available for Roma adolescents. The objective was to assess substance use of Roma as compared with non-Roma adolescents. Prevalence of tobacco and illicit drug use, and alcohol intoxication were examined in 225 Roma and 182 non-Roma adolescents.

[Biological and social predictors of smoking and perception of health].

While many studies focused on the serious inequalities in the biological (sex, age) and social (education, occupation, place of residence) predictors of smoking in the world, there is a scarcity of such studies with regard to Hungary. Despite increasing evidence for smoking-related morbidity and mortality, health perception of the Hungarian population is unreasonably optimistic. This study investigated biological and social predictors of smoking in relation to the smoking prevalence, as well as health perception in relation to current smoking and to age of onset of smoking.

Heavy drinking as a differential predictor of physical aggression in clinical and general populations.

Objective: Whereas the association between heavy alcohol use and physical aggression (PA) is documented in alcohol dependent patients and the general population, comparison studies between populations treated for alcohol dependence and general population are lacking. In this study the nature of association between heavy drinking and PA was explored both in alcohol dependent inpatients and the general population.

Method: Three hundred thirty inpatients with alcohol dependence and 1199 adult subjects representing the general population were examined with PA score of Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and the AUDIT scores.

The generalizability of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire.

Aggressive and hostile behaviours and anger constitute an important problem across cultures. The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), a self-rating scale was published in 1992, and has quickly become the gold-standard for the measurement of aggression. The AQ scale has been validated extensively, but the validation focused on various narrowly selected populations, typically, on samples of college students.

Aggression levels in treatment seeking inpatients with alcohol-related problems compared to levels in the general population in Hungary.

Association between aggression and heavy alcohol use is documented in the literature in various disparate samples and settings. Comparison of trait aggression levels using a uniform methodology across different samples is almost entirely lacking. This study compared trait aggression levels of treated inpatients with severe alcohol-related problems with those of a nationally representative sample of the general adult population using the same methodology.

[Violence and alcohol consumption in intimate heterosexual relationships].

Health and addiction harm of violence related to drinking is a very important aspect of the recent research studies. The social exchange theory, the family systems approach of alcoholism, the psychopharmacological model, the economic motivational model, and the tripartitate conceptual framework of Goldstein focus on the phenomenon within different causal contexts. According to recent studies approximately half of the cases is related to the alcohol consumption.

[Screening for alcohol-related disorders: Hungarian adaptation of the CAGE].

The CAGE scale, which was developed in the 1970s and consists of four items designed to screen alcoholism and related problems, has not yet been adapted for Hungary. In a research project carried out in a nationally representative sample, the authors tested the validity of CAGE, comparing the results with another widely used screening test (AUDIT). The reliability and validity of the CAGE test is regarded to be excellent.

[The influence of alcohol use and violent behaviour on the beliefs related to alcohol use and aggression].

The authors examined the effect of personal involvement (drinking, violent behaviour) on beliefs concerning the causal connections between drinking alcohol and aggressive behavior. The sample of the study comprised 1200 persons representative of the population over 18 years of age and was selected by a two-step, group stratified sampling method. The measuring instruments used for the study were the questionnaire on alcohol-aggression beliefs applied by Paglia and Room, the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the sociodemographic characteristics of gender, age and education.

[Prevalence of hazardous alcohol use].

Determining the prevalence of reckless drinking indicates the degree of the problem in the population at risk and can provide an opportunity to prevent the development of harmful effects. The authors assessed the prevalence of hazardous drinking in Hungary by applying the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), which is widely used in international research and has good reliability indicators, as well as other psychopathological measures in a nationally representative sample (N=1200). 32.

Innovations: Alcohol & drug abuse: Methadone maintenance in Europe and Hungary: degrees of sociocultural resistance.

Opiate substitution treatment, commonly referred to as maintenance treatment, was introduced in the United States and Europe in the 1960s. This column discusses approaches to opioid maintenance treatment in Europe and focuses on the introduction of methadone maintenance treatment in Hungary. Although persons have received methadone maintenance in Hungary since 1987, consensus guidelines were not adopted until 1998 and were not confirmed by the Hungarian parliament until 2000.

[Hungarian adaptation of the Treatment Demand Indicator Protocol (TDI). Results of a multicenter study].

Accession to the European Union (EU) requires a revision of reporting system(s) and the adaptation of EU compliant measurement tools from the Hungarian side. In this study we try to monitor the Hungarian adaptation process of TDI regarding the European developments in this issue. The second goal of this study was to report on the reliability data of TDI which was assessed in Europe by our team first.

Reliability and validity of the Hungarian version of the European Addiction Severity Index.

We attempted a Hungarian adaptation of the European version (EuropASI) of the widely used Addiction Severity Index (ASI) within the frame of a multi-stage quality development programme. The ASI is characterised by good reliability and validity indicators. The empirical background for our research was the data obtained from ASI ratings for 266 alcohol- and drug-using patients presenting for treatment in addiction medicine clinics in different regions of the country.

[Clinical experiences with the Maudsley Addiction Profile (MAP) among heroin addicts].

There is an increasing attention to the research of the treatment efficiency of drug users and abusers. Some measure tools (Addiction Severity Index, Opiate Treatment Index) have been developed for last years. Use of these methods is limited by the relative long duration (one hour) of the interview.

A case report: Pavlovian conditioning as a risk factor of heroin 'overdose' death.

Background: The authors present a case illustrating a mechanism leading directly to death which is not rare but has received little attention.

Case Presentation: The case was evaluated by autopsy, investigation of morphine concentration in the blood, and clinical data. The heroin dose causing the 'overdose' death of a young man who had previously been treated a number of times for heroin addiction did not differ from his dose of the previous day taken in the accustomed circumstances.